tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11367193052286197012024-03-14T06:18:18.691-07:00Ezzy's Orbital~ Keep The Blue Flag Flying High ~Ahmad Fauzihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06150653241766913304noreply@blogger.comBlogger18125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1136719305228619701.post-30605210438174962032013-04-20T17:59:00.000-07:002013-04-20T18:04:45.988-07:00gangguan metabolisme protein sistinosis<!--[if !mso]>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">BAB I</b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">PENDAHULUAN</b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Latar
Belakang</div>
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Metabolisme merupakan
kegiatan terpenting dalam tubuh, Metabolisme terjadi pada saat menit pertama
makanan masuk ke perut dan pencernaan dimulai. Enzim yang dilepaskan oleh
pankreas dan kelenjar tiroid membantu dalam pemecahan makanan yang dicerna
menjadi zat lebih sederhana.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1136719305228619701" name="more"></a> Zat-zat sederhana diserap
oleh sel-sel tubuh dan membantu dalam pelepasan energi dan melaksanakan proses
lain dalam tubuh, seperti penyembuhan luka, pengaturan suhu tubuh, pembentukan
sel-sel baru, membuang racun dari tubuh, dan sebagainya.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Namun ada saatnya
proses metabolisme menjadi terganggu, gangguan metabolisme bisa saja terjadi
karena kelainan genetik atau penyakit. Gangguan metabolisme karena kelainan
genetik sangatlah langka hanya terjadi pada 1 dari sekitar 1000-2500. Bila
gangguan metabolisme terjadi, maka fungsi normal tubuh juga akan terganggu dan
menyebabkan masalah kesehatan.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
Sistinosis merupakan salah satu penyakit yang disebabkan oleh adanya
ganngguan metabolisme protein/asam amino. Penyakit ini adalah yang sangat
langka dan belum bisa diobati sepenuhnya. Sistinosis merupakan penyakit
turunan, dimana cystine, sel – sel akan memadat karena sistin akan saling
bergabung dan membentuk kristal.</div>
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sistinosis mempengaruhi sekitar 1 dalam 100.000 sampai 200.000 bayi
yang baru lahir. dan hanya ada sekitar 2.000 orang yang dikenal dengan sistinosis
di dunia.
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
Dalam makalah ini akan kita bahas secara detail tentang penyakit
metabolisme protein/asam amino terutama penyebab terjadinya gangguan ini dan
bagaimana penanganannya terhadap penderita gangguan ini.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Rumusan Masalah</div>
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Berdasarkan latar belakang dapat dirumuskan beberapa
masalah, diantaranya adalah:</div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.2.1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Apa yang dimaksud dengan sistinosin?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.2.2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Apa penyebab terjadinya sistinosin pada
seseorang?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.2.3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Bagaimana cara mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis
seseorang bisa mengalami sistinosis?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.2.4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Bagaimana cara penangan sistinosis terhadap
penderitanya?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Tujuan </div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent">
Adapun tujuan dari penulisan makalah ini adalah:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.3.1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Mengetahui pengertian dari sistinosis.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.3.2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Mengetahui penyebab terjadinya sistinosis pada
seseorang.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.3.3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Mengatahui cara mengidentifikasi dan
menganalisis seseorang bisa mengalami sistinosis</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.3.4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Mengetahui cara penanganan sistinosis terhadap
penderitanya.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Manfaat</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent">
Manfaat yang dapat diperoleh dari penulisan makalah
ini adalah:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.4.1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Memberikan informasi tentang salah satu penyakit
yang diakibatkan oleh gangguan metabolisme<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>protein khususnya sistinosi.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.4.2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Memberikan tambahan referensi tentang penyebab
sistinosis, diagnosis dan cara penanganannya.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h1>
BAB II</h1>
<h1>
PEMBAHASAN</h1>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.1<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b>Pengertian Sistinosis</div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
sistinosis adalah kelainan genetik langka yang
menyebabkan akumulasi dari asam amino sistin dalam sel, membentuk kristal yang
dapat membangun dan merusak sel. Kristal-kristal negatif mempengaruhi banyak
sistem dalam tubuh, terutama ginjal dan mata. Sistinosis menyajikan tanda –
tanda klinis dan laboratorium sindrom Fanconi dengan tambahan temuan kelainan
yang spesifik yaitu akumulasi sistin dalam berbagai jaringan. </div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Akumulasi ini disebabkan oleh transportasi abnormal
sistin dari lisosom, menghasilkan akumulasi intra-lisosomal sistin besar dalam
jaringan. Melalui mekanisme yang belum diketahui, sistin lisosomal muncul untuk
memperkuat dan mengubah apoptosis sedemikian rupa sehingga sel-sel mati tidak
tepat, menyebabkan hilangnya sel epitel ginjal. Hal ini menyebabkan sindrom
renal Fanconi, dan kerugian serupa dalam jaringan lain dapat menjelaskan
perawakan pendek, retinopati, dan fitur lain dari penyakit ini. </div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
</div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
Ada tiga jenis sistinosis masing-masing dengan gejala yang sedikit
berbeda: sistinosis nephropathic, sistinosis menengah, dan sistinosi
non-nephropathic atau okular. Bayi dipengaruhi oleh sistinosis nephropathic
awalnya menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang buruk dan masalah ginjal tertentu
(kadang-kadang disebut ginjal Fanconi sindrom). Masalah ginjal mengakibatkan
hilangnya mineral penting, garam, cairan, dan nutrisi lainnya. Hilangnya
nutrisi tidak hanya mengganggu pertumbuhan, tetapi dapat mengakibatkan lembut,
tulang membungkuk (hypophosphatemic rickets), terutama di kaki.
Ketidakseimbangan nutrisi dalam tubuh menyebabkan peningkatan urinasi, haus,
dehidrasi, dan darah abnormal asam (asidosis).
<br />
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Dengan sekitar usia dua tahun, kristal sistin mungkin
juga hadir dalam kornea. Penumpukan kristal di mata menyebabkan meningkatnya
kepekaan terhadap cahaya (photophobia). Tanpa pengobatan, anak-anak dengan sistinosis
mungkin akan mengalami gagal ginjal lengkap sekitar usia sepuluh tahun. Tanda
dan gejala lain yang mungkin terjadi pada pasien yang tidak diobati termasuk
kerusakan otot, kebutaan, ketidakmampuan untuk menelan, diabetes, dan tiroid
dan masalah sistem saraf.</div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Tanda-tanda dan gejala sistinosis menengah adalah sama
seperti sistinosis nephropathic, tetapi mereka terjadi pada usia lanjut.
Menengah sistinosis biasanya dimulai untuk mempengaruhi individu sekitar usia
yang empat tahun. Ginjal rusak dan kristal kornea adalah fitur awal utama dari
gangguan ini. Jika sistinosis menengah tidak diobati, gagal ginjal lengkap akan
terjadi, tetapi biasanya tidak sampai akhir remaja pertengahan dua puluhan.</div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Orang dengan sistinosis non-nephropathic atau mata tidak
biasanya mengalami penurunan pertumbuhan atau kerusakan ginjal. Gejala hanya
fotofobia karena kristal sistin di kornea.</div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoCaption" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify;">
Gambar <span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">1</span>. Penumpukan kristal sistin</div>
<div class="MsoCaption" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pada kornea mata</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.2<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b>Penyebab Sistinosin</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
Peningkatan ambilan sistin selular mengakibatkan timbunan di dalam
lisosom, dimana sistin ini tidak dapat dipertahankan dalam bentuk tereduksi.
Sistin ini juga menampakkan bahwa ada kegagalan dalam pelepasan asam amino ini
dari lisosom. Defek enzim tertentu belum teridentifikasi. Kadar sistin dalam
jaringan tidak berkolerasi dengan derajat disfungsi tubulus ginjal; karenanya,
pengaruh toksin sistin sederhana pada tubulus bukan merupakan penyebab sindrom
Fanconi pada sistinosis.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 0cm;">
</div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Gambar
2. Sistin dalam lisosom</span></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Sistin ditimbun dalam sistem retikuloendotelial, terutama dalam limpa,
hati, limfonodi, dan sumsum tulang, tetapi tidak dalam otot atau otak.
Peninmbunan terjadi di dalam sel tubulus ginjal, kornea dan konjungtiva. Sistin
juga berakumulasi di dalam leukosit darah perifer dan fibroblas. Perubahan
ginjal awal mirip dengan perubahan yang terjadi pada sindrom Fanconi primer;
lesi “leher angsa” khas terdiri dari atrofi dan pemendekan tubulus proksimal
tepat di bawah glomelurus. Kristal sistin refraktif ganda dapat ditemukan dalam
jaringan intertsisial dan jarang dalam sel tubulus; kristal ini kadang – kadang
hanya dapat dikenali dalam mikroskopi elektron. Pada gagal ginjal yang lanjut,
ginjal menjadi mengkerut dan kontraksi, dengan sklerosis glomelurus dan fibrosis
interstisial.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
sistinosis terjadi karena mutasi dalam gen CTNS,
terletak pada kromosom 17, yang kode untuk cystinosin, transporter sistin
lisosomal. Gejala pertama kali terlihat di sekitar 3 sampai usia 18 bulan
dengan poliuria mendalam (buang air kecil yang berlebihan), diikuti oleh
pertumbuhan yang buruk, fotofobia, dan akhirnya gagal ginjal pada usia 6 tahun
dalam bentuk nephropathic.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Gambar
3. Mutasi dalam gen CTNS</span></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Sistinosis diwariskan
sebagai ciri autosom – resesif. Ada tiga gambaran klinis pada sistinosis masa
kanak – kanak. Penderita dengan bentuk <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">infantil</i>
atau <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">nefropati</i> datang dengan sindrom
Fanconi pada umur 3 – 12 bulan. Aminoasiduria menyeluruh ditemukan tanpa
dominasi sistin. Kecepatan filtrasi glomerulus menurun secara progresif, dan gagal
ginjal kronis berkembang dalam dekade pertama. Kegagalan pertumbuhan dan
hipotiroidisme berat menyertai keadaan ini. Gambaran klinis khas meliputi
rambut pirang dan ciri umum yang cerah, karena defek pada sintesis melanin, dan
fotofobia akibat timbunan kristal sistin pada konjungtiva. Bentuk remaja atau
antara ditandai oleh keterlibatan ginjal ringan mulai pada dekade ke – 2 dan
progresivitas yang lambat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kegagalan
pertumbuhan bukan merupakan tanda bentuk ini. Sistinosis tipe dewasa (jinak)
tidak menyebabkan penyakit ginjal. Kristal sistin dapat ditemukan di dalam
kornea , sumsum tulang dan leukosit.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
Semua bentuk sistinosis (nephropathic, remaja dan okular) yang resesif
autosomal, yang berarti bahwa sifat itu terletak pada gen autosomal, dan
seorang individu yang mewarisi dua salinan gen - satu dari kedua orang tua -
akan mengalami gangguan tersebut. Ada resiko 25% memiliki anak dengan gangguan
tersebut, ketika kedua orang tua adalah pembawa sifat yang resesif autosomal.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Sistinosis mempengaruhi
sekitar 1 dalam 100.000 sampai 200.000 bayi yang baru lahir. dan hanya ada
sekitar 2.000 orang yang dikenal dengan sistinosis di dunia. Insiden lebih
tinggi di provinsi Brittany, Perancis, di-mana gangguan mempengaruhi 1 dari
26.000 orang.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.3<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b>Diagnosis sistinosis </div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
Pada bayi baru lahir yang tidak bergejala dari keluarga yang terkena,
diagnosis sistinosis nefropati dapat dibuat dengan mengukur kandungan sistin
leukosit atau fibroblas, yang mungkin 80 – 100 kali normal. Kemudian, dapat
ditemukan ketidakteraturan granula dan lingkaran dalam pigmentasi perifer
retina. Kristal sistin dapat diditeksi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>dalam sumsum tulang, limfonodi, konjungtiva, dan mukosa rektum.
Pemeriksaan lampu celah menunujukkan kristal dalam kornea. Diagnosis prenatal
dapat dibuat dengan menemukan kenaikan kadar sistin dalam sel cairan amnion.
Sistinosis harus tidak dirancukan dengan sistinuria. Yang merupakan kelainan
bawaan pengangkutan asam amino tertentu, tanpa timbunan sistin atau sindrom
Fanconi.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.4<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b>Pengobatan Sistinosis</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
sistinosis biasanya diobati dengan obat yang disebut sisteamin. Pemberian
sisteamin dapat mengurangi kadar sistin intraseluler. sisteamine berkonsentrasi
dalam lisosom dan bereaksi dengan sistin untuk membentuk dua sistein dan
kompleks sistein-sisteamin, yang mampu meninggalkan lisosom.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Bila diberikan secara teratur, sisteamin menurunkan jumlah sistin yang
disimpan dalam lisosom dan berkorelasi dengan konservasi fungsi ginjal dan
pertumbuhan ditingkatkan.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
sisteamin, pengikat sulfhidril, telah terbukti menurunkan sistin
intraseluler<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in vivo dan melambatkan
kecepatan penjelekan gagal ginjal<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>(glomerulus) pada beberapa anak, terutama jika dimulai sebelum usia 2
tahun. Ini dapat juga melemahkan tetapi tidak dapat menghilangkan beberapa
tanda sindrom Fanconi. Sisteamin rasanya pahit dan telah diganti dengan
fosfosisteamin, yang telah dapat diterima oleh anak.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
Untuk penderita dengan gagal ginjal stadium akhir, hemodialisis dan
transplantasi ginjal dianjurkan. Hemodialisis tidak menurunkan kadar sistin
jaringan. Anak dengan sistiosis setelah transplantasi tampak beraktivitas
dengan baik sebagaimana mereka yang dengan gagal ginjal kronis bentuk lain,
tetapi orang yang bertahan hidup jangka lama mungkin mengalami fotofobia atau
retinopati progresif, tetes mata sisteamin dapat sangat membantu. Transplatasi
telah menaikkan ketahanan hidup tetapi telah disertai dengan manifestasi
ekstrarenal jangka panjang, seperti disfungsi penelanan, miopati,
insufisiensiensi endokrin dan eksokrin pankreas, dan berbagai masalah sistem
saraf sentral (misalnya: kejang, atrofi serebri).<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">BAB III</b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">PENUTUP</b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.1<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kesimpulan</b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent">
Dari pembahasan yang telah diuraikan di atas dapat
ditarik beberapa kesimpulan sebagai berikut:</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>sistinosis adalah kelainan genetik langka
yang menyebabkan akumulasi dari asam amino sistin dalam sel, membentuk kristal
yang dapat membangun dan merusak sel.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>sistinosis terjadi karena mutasi dalam gen CTNS,
terletak pada kromosom 17, yang kode untuk cystinosin, transporter sistin
lisosomal. Gejala pertama kali terlihat di sekitar 3 sampai usia 18 bulan
dengan poliuria mendalam (buang air kecil yang berlebihan), diikuti oleh
pertumbuhan yang buruk, fotofobia, dan akhirnya gagal ginjal pada usia 6 tahun
dalam bentuk nephropathic.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Diagnosis sistinosis nefropati dapat dibuat
dengan mengukur kandungan sistin leukosit, penditeksian<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dalam sumsum tulang, limfonodi, konjungtiva,
dan mukosa rektum, Pemeriksaan lampu celah menunujukkan kristal dalam kornea
dan diagnosis prenatal dapat dibuat dengan menemukan kenaikan kadar sistin
dalam sel cairan amnion.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Sistinosis biasanya diobati dengan obat yang
disebut sisteamin yang mampu berkonsentrasi dalam lisosom dan bereaksi dengan
sistin untuk membentuk dua sistein dan kompleks sistein-sisteamin, yang mampu
meninggalkan lisosom.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.2<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saran</b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Sebaiknya perlu menambahan referensi lagi agar
dapat memahami lebih jelas mengenai penyakit metabolisme protein sistinosis
ini.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Menambahkan data statistik tentang jumlah
penderita penyakit langka ini.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 0cm;">
</div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
9</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; text-indent: -42.55pt;">
Arvin,
Behrman, Kliegman. 1996. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ilmu Kesehatan
Anak Vol. 1 Edisi 15</i>. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 0cm;">
Gahl WA: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cystinosis coming of age. Adv Pediatr 33:95</i>,
1986</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;">
<a href="http://doktersehat.com/apa-itu-sistinosis-cysitinosis/"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">http://doktersehat.com/apa-itu-sistinosis-cysitinosis/</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"> .
Diakses hari Minggu 17 Maret 2013.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;">
<a href="http://www.news-medical.net/health/Cystinosis-Diagnosis.aspx"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://www.news-medical.net/health/Cystinosis-Diagnosis.aspx</span></a>
. Diakses hari Jum’at tanggal 22 Maret 2013</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;">
<a href="http://www.news-medical.net/health/Cystinosis-Genetics.aspx"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://www.news-medical.net/health/Cystinosis-Genetics.aspx</span></a>
. Diakses hari Jum’at tanggal 22 Maret 2013</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;">
<a href="http://www.news-medical.net/health/Cystinosis-Treatment.aspx"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://www.news-medical.net/health/Cystinosis-Treatment.aspx</span></a>
. Diakses hari Jum’at tanggal 22 Maret 2013</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;">
<a href="http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Cystinosis-%28Indonesian%29.aspx"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Cystinosis-(Indonesian).aspx</span></a>
. Diakses hari Jum’at tanggal 22 Maret 2013</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;">
Markello TC, Bernadini ME, Gahl WA: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Improved renal function in children with cytinosis treated with
cysteamine. N Engl J Med 328: 1157</i>, 1993.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; text-indent: -42.55pt;">
<br /></div>
Ahmad Fauzihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06150653241766913304noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1136719305228619701.post-59672294585800424992013-03-06T06:48:00.000-08:002013-04-20T18:06:06.445-07:00Proses Penjernihan Air<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Proses Penjernihan Air<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Air merupakan salah satu bahan kimia di alam yang sangat penting dan
sangat diperlukan dalam kehidupan pada umumnya dan bagi makhluk hidup
khususnya. Sekitar 0,7 bagian berat badan adalah air. Oleh karena itu apabila
kekurangan air, makhluk hidup akan mati. Jumlah keseluruhan air didunia ini
tidak berubah, yang berubah hanyalah kualitas, wujud, dan tempat air tersebut.
Air bersih bisa menjadi air yang telah terkotori atau sebaliknya air yang kotor
bisa menjadi air yang bersih (pada proses penguapan). Di alam tidak ditemukan
air yang betul-betul murni, pasti bercampur bahan pengotor. Air hujan yang dianggap bersih juga
mengandung berbagai zat seperti gas-gas, debu,kuman, atau bibit penyakit. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Air di alam yang meliputi 72% permukaan bumi, berdasarkan tempat atau
lokasinya dapat dikelompokkan menjadi tiga kelompok sumber air, yaitu :</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Sumber air laut/lautan</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Sumber air permukaan tanah, antara lain :</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Sungai kecil : Keadaan air sungai kecil relatif
masih dapat dikatakan bersih karena belum banyak daerah yang dilewati air
tersebut.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Sungai besar : Keadaan air sungai besar dapat
dikatakan sudah kotor/tercemar.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Danau : Keadaan air dalam danau dapat dikatakan
bersih, karena sudah terjadi proses pengendapan. Makin besar danau, maka makin
bersih airnya. </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Kolam : Keadaan air kolam sangat kotor, karena
merupakan penampungan air hujan, air sungai, dan air selokan buangan rumah
tangga.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Sumber air tanah, antara lain :</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Mata air : Keadaan air dari mata air dapat
dikatakan bersih , karena telah mengalami penyaringan oleh tanah dan
batu-batuan dalam tanah.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Ruang rembesan di bawah tanah : Keadaan air nya
lebih bersih daripada air danau, air sungai atau air kolam yang merembes
kedalamnya, sebab sudah mengalami proses penyaringan oleh tanah disekitar ruang
tersebut.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Sumur : Keadaan air sumur tanah dalam lebih
bersih daripada air sumur tanah dangkal. Makin dalam sumur itu di gali maka
makin bersih airnya.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Air selalu mengandung bahan-bahan pencemar, oleh karena itu air tidak
boleh langsung digunakan oleh masyarakat untuk berbagai keperluan sebelum bahan
pencemarnya dihilangkan. Untuk menghilangkan bahan pencemar tersebut, perlu
dilakukan suatu proses yang disebut proses penjernihan air. Proses ini cara
pengerjaannya bergantung pada sumber darimana air itu diperoleh dan bergantung
pula pada tujuan pemakaiannya. Setiap pemakaian air mempunyai persyaratan standar
kualitas air tertentu, baik untuk keperluan rumah tangga maupun untuk keperluan
industri. </div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>STANDAR PERSYARATAN KUALITAS AIR UNTUK KEPERLUAN RUMAH TANGGA<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<table align="left" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-table-anchor-vertical: page; mso-table-left: left; mso-table-lspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-rspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-top: 237.05pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 27.35pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Klasifikasi Bahan Pengotor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Ketidakmurnian<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Maksimum yang
diizinkan (dalam ppm atau mg/ltr )<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Fisis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Warna <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
15 - 25<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Kekeruhan <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5 – 10<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Suhu <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
10° - 15,6° C<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Rasa dan bau<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 41.3pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 41.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Biologis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 41.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Bakteri koli<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 41.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Tidak boleh lebih
dari satu koloni bakteri / 400 ml sampel air<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="21" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Bahan Kimia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->pH<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6,6 – 8,0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 40.3pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 40.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Zat padat baik tersuspensi maupun yang terlarut<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 40.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
500 – 100<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Kesadahan <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
75 – 115<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Barium <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1,00<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Kadmium <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0,01<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Krom <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0,05<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->7.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Selenium <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0,05<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->8.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Arsenat <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0,05<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->9.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Magnesium <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0,05<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->10.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Besi <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0,30<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->11.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Timah hitam<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0,05 – 0,10<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->12.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Tembaga <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1,04 – 3,00<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->13.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Seng <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
15,00<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->14.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Perak <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0,05<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->15.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Flourida <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1,50<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->16.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Sianida <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0,20<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->17.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Senyawa fenol<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0,001<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->18.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Senyawa sulfat<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
250,00<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->19.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Senyawa nitrat<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
45,00<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->20.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->B.O.D<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->21.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Klorida <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
250,00<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Radiologi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Sinar <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1 uuc/liter<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Sinar <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
10 uuc/liter<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal">
<b>STANDAR PERSYARATAN KUALITAS AIR UNTUK KEPERLUAN BERBAGAI INDUSTRI<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal">
<table align="left" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-table-anchor-vertical: page; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-table-left: center; mso-table-lspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-rspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-top: 111.05pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 797px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 27.3pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.95pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>NO<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Industri<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Kesadahan CaCO3 mg/ltr<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.2pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Jumlah zat terlarut<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Besi mg/L<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Kekeruhan mg/ltr<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Keabsahan mg/ltr<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Warna Co<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Mn<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>mg/ltr<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Fe dan Mn<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>pH<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.95pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Industri kertas :<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.2pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.95pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
a.Kertas
dari kayu<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
200<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.2pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
500<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1,50<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
50<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
20<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0,5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.95pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
b.Kertas
krep yang diputihkan<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
100<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.2pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
300<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0,25<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
25<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
15<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0,1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 26.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.95pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
c.Kertas
krep tanpa diputihkan<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
200<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.2pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
500<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0,10<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
100<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
100<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0,5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.95pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
d.Kertas
dari natrium sulfit<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
100<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.2pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
300<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0,25<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
15<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
10<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0,05<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.95pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.2pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.95pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
2.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Industri tekstil :<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.2pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.95pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
a.Umum<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
50
– 135<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.2pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
20<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.95pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
b.Pencelupan<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
20<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.2pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5
– 20<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0,25<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.95pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
c.Wool<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
20<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.2pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
70<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1,00<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.95pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
d.Katun<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
20<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.2pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0,2<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.95pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.2pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.95pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
3.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Rayon :<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.2pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.95pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
a.Produksi<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
8<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.2pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
50<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0,05<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.95pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
b.Buatan
pabrik<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
55<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.2pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0,3<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0,2<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
7,8-8,3<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.95pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.2pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 17;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.95pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
4.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Penyamakan<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
50
– 135<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.2pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
20<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
133<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
10-100<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0,2<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
8,0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 18;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.95pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.2pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 19;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.95pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
5.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Pabrik roti<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.2pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
10<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
10<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0,5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 20;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.95pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.2pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 21;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.95pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
6.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Pabrik minuman :<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.2pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 22;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.95pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
a.Terang<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.2pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
500<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
10<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
75<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0,1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6,5
- 7<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 23;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.95pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
b.Gelap<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.2pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5000<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
10<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
150<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0,1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
7,0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 24;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.95pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.2pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 25;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 26.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.95pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
7.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Makanan kalengan:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.2pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 26;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.95pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
a.Umum<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.2pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
10<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0,2<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 40.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 27;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 40.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.95pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 40.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
b.Legumes
(kacang-kacangan)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 40.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
25
– 75<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 40.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.2pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 40.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 40.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
10<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 40.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 40.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 40.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 40.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0,2<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 40.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 28; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.95pt;" valign="top" width="40">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
8.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Pembuatan es<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.2pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
300<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1
- 5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 62.9pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
30
- 50<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.45pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0,2<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 44.95pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Langkah-langkah tertentu yang harus dilakukan dalam proses penjernihan
air dari setiap sumber air yaitu langkah penyaringan dan langkah desinfektasi
atau pembasmian bibit penyakit. Ada proses penjernihan air yang perlu dilakukan
langkah penyaringan sampah-sampah yang terapung sebelum dilakukan proses lebih
lanjut. Sedangkan air dari dalam sumber tanah dalam yang keadaannya dapat
dikatakan bersih tidak mengandung sampah, lumpur, bangkai, maka proses
penjernihannya hanya cukup melalui langkah desinfektasi / pembasmian bibit
penyakit dan penyaringan saja. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Jadi, langkah-langkah proses penjernihan air bergantung pada sumber air
atau bergantung pada keadaan kualitas air
yang akan diproses. Secara garis besar, proses penjernihan air atau
proses pengolahan air untuk keperluan rumah tangga dapat dibagi menjadi 3
langkah :</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Proses Koagulasi (penggumpalan)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
Air
permukaan selalu mengandung lumpur, baik yang diameternya cukup besar hingga
mudah mengendap, maupun yang diameternya kecil sekali, sehingga untuk mudah
mengendapkan diperlukan zat-zat penggumpal agar diameter lumpur menjadi besar
dan mudah mengendap. Dengan penambahan zat penggumpal, partikel-partikel lumpur
yang halus akan berubah menjadi partikel-partikel yang cukup besar.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Proses penyaringan /filtrasi </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
Setelah
partikel lumpur di gumpalkan menjadi parikel yang lebih besar, sebagian akan
mengendap dan sebagian lagi akan terapung diatas air. Untuk mendapatkan air
yang lebih bersih dengan menyaring partikel-partikel lumpur yang terapung
dengan cara menyaringnya menggunakan saringan pasir. </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Proses desinfeksi</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
Air
yang telah diberi zat pengumpal dan disaring, sebelum di gunakan sebaiknya didesinfeksi
terlebih dahulu dengan menambahkan kaporit. Namun penambahan kaporit ini harus
dilakukan setepat mungkin dosisnya , karena apabila terlalu berlebihan akan
menyebabkan air berbau klor. Untuk menghilangkan bau klor ini dapat disaring
lagi dengan menggunakan arang aktif untuk menyerap sisa klor nya.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;">
Berikut gambar dari ketiga proses diatas:</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaavCmhawaev3mUSUWWPtSP20-Kv-9WVKZJGzCL4zWAnl7PVevs91jRfTgOCkFa8NWqC-2SLRvIKrYca039bkSs2B3TCGtuaPf0M2EEA1VGec6KPSZwHQPtiyFn1beTM0u7flFIv-uWQkZ/s1600/Pictue1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaavCmhawaev3mUSUWWPtSP20-Kv-9WVKZJGzCL4zWAnl7PVevs91jRfTgOCkFa8NWqC-2SLRvIKrYca039bkSs2B3TCGtuaPf0M2EEA1VGec6KPSZwHQPtiyFn1beTM0u7flFIv-uWQkZ/s320/Pictue1.jpg" width="244" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;">
Setelah dilakukan tiga proses tersebut, barulah air permukaan dapat
digunakan untuk kepentingan rumah tangga.</div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<br />
Ahmad Fauzihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06150653241766913304noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1136719305228619701.post-63180699233066037132012-10-08T06:53:00.001-07:002012-10-08T06:53:46.068-07:00Misteri dibalik Tindihan disaat Tidur<div style="text-align: justify;">
Setelah absen dari dunia pe-blogger-an, kini aku hadir lagi untuk berbagi sesuatu untuk para sobat2 du-may,,,</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Kali ini aku akan menceritakan suatu fenomena yang akhir2 ini sering aku alami...</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Pada suatu malam, aku sedang mengerjakan laporan praktikumku,,ketika setengah jalan,,aku merasa mengantuk, mengantuk sekali. Aku memutuskan untuk tidur dan melanjutkan Laporan ku besok. Ketika ku nyalakan lampu tidur ku, dan ku mulai menelentangkan badan ku,,tiba-tiba setelah beberapa saat tubuhku terasa berat, sesak nafas, mau bergerak gak bisa, apalagi bangun, ku teriak, tapi tak terdengar suara malah ku berhaluusinasi, apalagi waktu itu aku sendirian aja dikos, menambah suasana seram aja neh. hehehehe...</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Aku merasa seperti dibelenggu pada waktu itu, tapi aku tak merasa khawatir, karena itu bukan satu-satunya yang ku alami, sebelum2nya aku juga pernah mengalaminya, jadi tlah terbiasa...hehehe....</div>
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Namun, bagi yang pertama kali merasakannya, ini merupakan hal yang menakutkan, karena mungkin mereka beranggapan bahwa ada hal mistis yang tlah mengganggu tidur mereka.</div>
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Hmmm....dari tadi basa basi mulu,, sebenarnya apa sih yang terjadi pada tidur seperti itu? Bagi anda yang pernah mengalaminya, jangan takut dan jangan khawatir karena anda tidak sedang diganggu makhluk halus, namun keadaan tidur bagaikan ditindih ini dinamakan SLEEP PARALYZED. Bagaimana sleep paralyzed bisa terjadi? berikut penjelasan ilmiahnya:</div>
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Menurut medis, keadaan ketika orang akan tidur atau bangun tidur merasa sesak napas seperti dicekik, dada sesak, badan sulit bergerak dan sulit berteriak disebut sleep paralysis alias tidur lumpuh (karena tubuh tak bisa bergerak dan serasa lumpuh). Hampir setiap orang pernah mengalaminya. Setidaknya sekali atau dua kali dalam hidupnya.</div>
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Sleep paralysis bisa terjadi pada siapa saja, lelaki atau perempuan. Dan usia rata-rata orang pertama kali mengalami gangguan tidur ini adalah 14-17 tahun. Sleep paralysis alias tindihan ini memang bisa berlangsung dalam hitungan detik hingga menit. Yang menarik, saat tindihan terjadi kita sering mengalami halusinasi, seperti melihat sosok atau bayangan hitam di sekitar tempat tidur. Tak heran, fenomena ini pun sering dikaitkan dengan hal mistis.</div>
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Di dunia Barat, fenomena tindihan sering disebut mimpi buruk inkubus atau old hag berdasarkan bentuk bayangan yang muncul. Ada juga yang merasa melihat agen rahasia asing atau alien. Sementara di beberapa lukisan abad pertengahan, tindihan digambarkan dengan sosok roh jahat menduduki dada seorang perempuan hingga ia ketakutan dan sulit bernapas.</div>
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<strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-left;">Kurang Tidur</strong><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-left;" /><div style="text-align: justify;">
Menurut Al Cheyne, peneliti dari Universitas Waterloo, Kanada, sleep paralysis, adalah sejenis halusinasi karena adanya malfungsi tidur di tahap rapid eye movement (REM).</div>
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Sebagai pengetahuan, berdasarkan gelombang otak, tidur terbagi dalam 4 tahapan. Tahapan itu adalah tahap tidur paling ringan (kita masih setengah sadar), tahap tidur yang lebih dalam, tidur paling dalam dan tahap REM. Pada tahap inilah mimpi terjadi.</div>
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Saat kondisi tubuh terlalu lelah atau kurang tidur, gelombang otak tidak mengikuti tahapan tidur yang seharusnya. Jadi, dari keadaan sadar (saat hendak tidur) ke tahap tidur paling ringan, lalu langsung melompat ke mimpi (REM). </div>
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Ketika otak mendadak terbangun dari tahap REM tapi tubuh belum, di sinilah sleep paralysis terjadi. Kita merasa sangat sadar, tapi tubuh tak bisa bergerak. Ditambah lagi adanya halusinasi muncul sosok lain yang sebenarnya ini merupakan ciri khas dari mimpi.</div>
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Selain itu, sleep paralysis juga bisa disebabkan sesuatu yang tidak dapat dikontrol. Akibatnya, muncul stres dan terbawa ke dalam mimpi. Lingkungan kerja pun ikut berpengaruh. Misalnya, Anda bekerja dalam shift sehingga kekurangan tidur atau memiliki pola tidur yang tidak teratur.</div>
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<strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-left;">Jangan Anggap Remeh</strong><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-left;" /><div style="text-align: justify;">
Meski biasa terjadi, gangguan tidur ini patut diwaspadai. Pasalnya, sleep paralysis bisa juga merupakan pertanda narcolepsy (serangan tidur mendadak tanpa tanda-tanda mengantuk), sleep apnea(mendengkur), kecemasan, atau depresi.</div>
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Jika Anda sering mengalami gangguan tidur ini, sebaiknya buat catatan mengenai pola tidur selama beberapa minggu. Ini akan membantu Anda mengetahui penyebabnya. Lalu, atasi dengan menghindari pemicu. Bila tindihan diakibatkan terlalu lelah, coba lebih banyak beristirahat.</div>
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Kurang tidur pun tidak boleh dianggap remeh. Jika sudah menimbulkan sleep paralysis, kondisinya berarti sudah berat. Segera evaluasi diri dan cukupi kebutuhan tidur. Usahakan tidur 8-10 jam pada jam yang sama setiap malam.</div>
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Perlu diketahui juga, seep paralysis umumnya terjadi pada orang yang tidur dalam posisi telentang (wajah menghadap ke atas dan hampir nyenyak atau dalam keadaan hampir terjaga dari tidur). Itu sebabnya, kita perlu sering mengubah posisi tidur untuk mengurangi risiko terserang gangguan tidur ini.</div>
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Nah, jika tindihan disertai gejala lain, ada baiknya segera ke dokter ahli tidur atau laboratorium tidur untuk diperiksa lebih lanjut. Biasanya dokter akan menanyakan kapan tindihan dimulai dan sudah berlangsung berapa lama. Catatan yang telah Anda buat tadi akan sangat membantu ketika memeriksakan diri ke dokter.</div>
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Ahmad Fauzihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06150653241766913304noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1136719305228619701.post-22571663161155485662012-03-10T05:25:00.000-08:002012-03-10T05:25:52.384-08:00SI BIRU<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihPasZht-JJVcYcxse127br83LNYhbt85zDZTKekOd38BaaviqwlDx3it77BJcQ0v86fL7o8yIZ7hNwjR399_HVpoGi590hbdUC2SGFQf8RCS6deYx7u05EURjhlZigtmmUyqkXrpRG-r4/s1600/CHELSEA+FC.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihPasZht-JJVcYcxse127br83LNYhbt85zDZTKekOd38BaaviqwlDx3it77BJcQ0v86fL7o8yIZ7hNwjR399_HVpoGi590hbdUC2SGFQf8RCS6deYx7u05EURjhlZigtmmUyqkXrpRG-r4/s200/CHELSEA+FC.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">KEHADIRAN MU MEMBUAT HIDUP KAMI BERWARNA</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">BERIKAN SEMANGAT YANG TAK PERNAH PADAM<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">KAU AJARI DAN KAU PERLIHATKAN ARTI SEBUAH PERJUANGAN<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">KAU TUNJUKAN ARTI SEBUAH KEMENANGAN</span><o:p></o:p></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal">~KTBFFH~<o:p></o:p></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZS4vuUzeq_rST8rIr7GKJhQ7vB3AmTeSEY9U7e63eqMwYQW5YViHg5bYePFlFvEG4Y8CWpBP1RpEJ-w1fGnNlmJJEiulQHtdseqLCKk8XA3uIXdsrKLt59WWYr3M6r7r0WgBB81e1vbN3/s1600/chelsea-fc.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZS4vuUzeq_rST8rIr7GKJhQ7vB3AmTeSEY9U7e63eqMwYQW5YViHg5bYePFlFvEG4Y8CWpBP1RpEJ-w1fGnNlmJJEiulQHtdseqLCKk8XA3uIXdsrKLt59WWYr3M6r7r0WgBB81e1vbN3/s200/chelsea-fc.jpg" width="200" /></a> </div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal">RASANYA BARU KEMARIN KAMI MENGENALMU<o:p></o:p></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal">TAPI KAU TELAH BANYAK MENGHIBUR<o:p></o:p></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal">MESKIPUN KAMI TAK BISA MENYENTUHMU<o:p></o:p></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal">TAPI MELIHAT PERJUANGANMU, KAMI SENANG<o:p></o:p></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal">~CTID~</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilTQZCnea77GMM9PzLsuZIMQ7houTJ2WaaDVYAP44kzQB5skUdn3C290nN30Ci0RIOvyf-MVOKDafAG3C7Exewhhwmuppab53v6eSm5u_7z86iPpjMqwtK7xhb3MIg9FEEmgh4WNU8W3MN/s1600/chelsea-fc-chelsea-fc-2505612-1024-768.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilTQZCnea77GMM9PzLsuZIMQ7houTJ2WaaDVYAP44kzQB5skUdn3C290nN30Ci0RIOvyf-MVOKDafAG3C7Exewhhwmuppab53v6eSm5u_7z86iPpjMqwtK7xhb3MIg9FEEmgh4WNU8W3MN/s200/chelsea-fc-chelsea-fc-2505612-1024-768.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal">BIRU MU KAN SELALU ADA DISINI<o:p></o:p></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal">MENGALIR DALAM PIKIRAN DAN TUBUH INI<o:p></o:p></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal">WALAUPUN KAU TERJATUH<o:p></o:p></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal">KAMI KAN SELALU ADA<o:p></o:p></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal">~KTBFFH~</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrwHF5yReKsXzKD_hmVDPZJSWb9qwtabfvymKUfUp1lLU6ObVUePTX-Ht87o2pR2TP_Uj-AX48fgWBnVpyraPj58dSPkQ0cqgrzhEISoafnQHeNM0TDvTuQ62YOv26LQiFMd1XoIKwzNoG/s1600/Fc-Chelsea-wallpaper-3-1280x1024.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrwHF5yReKsXzKD_hmVDPZJSWb9qwtabfvymKUfUp1lLU6ObVUePTX-Ht87o2pR2TP_Uj-AX48fgWBnVpyraPj58dSPkQ0cqgrzhEISoafnQHeNM0TDvTuQ62YOv26LQiFMd1XoIKwzNoG/s200/Fc-Chelsea-wallpaper-3-1280x1024.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">~CTID~</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal">KAMI BUKAN FANS, TAPI KAMI BAGIAN DARIMU<o:p></o:p></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal">YANG SELALU MERASAKAN APA YANG KAU RASAKAN<o:p></o:p></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal">MESKIPUN KAU TAK MENDAPATKAN JUARA<o:p></o:p></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal">TAPI KAU TETAP NOMOR SATU BAGI KAMI<o:p></o:p></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://a7.sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash4/428297_390712324273680_213253832019531_1604226_122884619_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://a7.sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash4/428297_390712324273680_213253832019531_1604226_122884619_n.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><br />
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal"></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal">JUARA SEJATI BUKAN BERARTI MENGANGKAT TROFY<o:p></o:p></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal">TAPI JUARA SEJATI ADALAH BERJUANG TANPA HENTI<o:p></o:p></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal">KAMI KAN SELALU MENJAGA BENDERA BIRU BERKIBAR TINGGI<o:p></o:p></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal">KAU ADALAH KEMBANGGAAN KAMI<o:p></o:p></div><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://a2.sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc7/s720x720/425593_390707204274192_213253832019531_1604214_1078102227_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://a2.sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc7/s720x720/425593_390707204274192_213253832019531_1604214_1078102227_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://a1.sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc7/420041_390688064276106_213253832019531_1604142_201100246_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://a1.sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc7/420041_390688064276106_213253832019531_1604142_201100246_n.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal">HAPPY ANNIVERSARY MY BLUES<o:p></o:p></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal">WE WISH YOU LATER WILL BE WINNERS<o:p></o:p></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><br />
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal"></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal">~KEEP THE BLUE FLAG FLYING HIGH~<o:p></o:p></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal">~CHELSEA TILL I DIE~<o:p></o:p></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal">1905 – 2012 <o:p></o:p></div>Ahmad Fauzihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06150653241766913304noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1136719305228619701.post-67262723504376656192012-03-06T23:15:00.001-08:002012-03-06T23:26:24.952-08:00LOGO CHELSEA F. C DARI MASA KE MASA<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXQ21ISrDDWQxUOQrkqBoOnH9zXjRMwd9mMr5xP2USC7LayAb-oILp0QEHEz2GCKfsabe4TaXCkcMiOyn_3WBdHlEfExl87Om2GeqaogrxHfIFTiDN6J_wFwKqILRUn0yBmj7GcDgB7kjL/s1600/0,,10268~3693158,00.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="170" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXQ21ISrDDWQxUOQrkqBoOnH9zXjRMwd9mMr5xP2USC7LayAb-oILp0QEHEz2GCKfsabe4TaXCkcMiOyn_3WBdHlEfExl87Om2GeqaogrxHfIFTiDN6J_wFwKqILRUn0yBmj7GcDgB7kjL/s320/0,,10268~3693158,00.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hai! TB/TBA, tau kah kalian kalau Logo resmi Chelsea telah berubah lima kali di 100 tahun lebih dalam sejarahnya. Berikut ini akan dipaparkan secara singkat mulai dari logo pertama hingga yang digunakan sekarang ini.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"></div><ol><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhef0Fsbmy2ipf3Sud7l6HiPdq2v7Sueq4vaZkBye3aq4tuvFqQg54WwOr5NWI1diWSQfkkgiHlxqHf1Pc6Y55agGu8hXIhCazgxaAiTRTg5P2RH61_sdpFDwLdD2aZnBG_N-F03e2UKZKw/s1600/0,,10268~3000105,00.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="173" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhef0Fsbmy2ipf3Sud7l6HiPdq2v7Sueq4vaZkBye3aq4tuvFqQg54WwOr5NWI1diWSQfkkgiHlxqHf1Pc6Y55agGu8hXIhCazgxaAiTRTg5P2RH61_sdpFDwLdD2aZnBG_N-F03e2UKZKw/s200/0,,10268~3000105,00.jpg" width="200" /></a>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">1. </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Ini adalah logo pertama Chelsea yang menampilkan salah satu Pensiunan terkenal Chelsea yang memberi julukan awal yaitu Chelsea. Tidak pernah dipakai pada setiap kostum manapun tapi kemudian muncul di pertandingan.</span></li>
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh20u7_4qUK5dG8mI6m5uB5kok2M-AL6ls8icVqnQym5Dc7bZucUovs29mL_Czk_uB_63gGq0Op_a5Gftbst4fVvbbEOfpRryfvUo-aaRTNQIavKaDpRL_7kr3QGcNV6XZo2o8LNO2w2i4R/s1600/0,,10268~3000106,00.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="173" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh20u7_4qUK5dG8mI6m5uB5kok2M-AL6ls8icVqnQym5Dc7bZucUovs29mL_Czk_uB_63gGq0Op_a5Gftbst4fVvbbEOfpRryfvUo-aaRTNQIavKaDpRL_7kr3QGcNV6XZo2o8LNO2w2i4R/s200/0,,10268~3000106,00.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;">2.<span style="font-size: 9px;"> </span><span style="text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;">Ketika Ted Drake menjadi manajer Chelsea pada tahun 1952, ia memprakarsai kepindahan dari logo la-ma sang 'Pensiunan' dan ingin gambar baru untuk pergi deng-an julukan baru, the Blues. Semen-tara desain baru sedang dikerjakan, cipher ini berasal dari inisial klub diguna-kan untuk musim soliter sebagai stop-gap.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br />
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</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8Z9UHf8cPEIbg0b-sJZ701N19UGA9cewASA-7YTxk1hMFw0C-BTtLQVNK6OZgXtJlh5ETmDEabKs52ciiFt3MGO4yHsJgWbi9S3J9XbsbpTmziLWu2wWvLLjKt0NfD4iIOQZ3WIWQbFL6/s1600/0,,10268~3000107,00.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="173" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8Z9UHf8cPEIbg0b-sJZ701N19UGA9cewASA-7YTxk1hMFw0C-BTtLQVNK6OZgXtJlh5ETmDEabKs52ciiFt3MGO4yHsJgWbi9S3J9XbsbpTmziLWu2wWvLLjKt0NfD4iIOQZ3WIWQbFL6/s200/0,,10268~3000107,00.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;">3. </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Mungkin logo ini yang paling terkenal dari logo Chelsea dan digunakan selama 33 tahun, desain ini terinspirasi oleh mantel sipil senjata dariBorough Metropolitan Chelsea. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> Singa ini berasal dari Arms dari Earl Cadogan yang adalah presiden klub dan juga memegang gelar Viscount Chelsea. Staf dari Biara Westminster yang wilayah ker-janya diperpanjang atas Chelsea. Lambang Mawar mewakili Inggris dan bola lebih diharapkan merupakan permainan.</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"></div><div class="MsoNormal"> Namun karena kompleksitas dari variasi, beberapa desain disederhanakan dan dijahit menjadi baju selama tahun 60an dan 70an, meskipun desain penuh lengkap dengan lingkaran tetap lencana resmi klub. Kemenangan Cup tahun awal 70-an ditandai dengan penambahan simbol Piala FA dan bintang.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglV2ZByg1Kq1LVTKiayWozbbCXKsKhTS9NhVbfokT8k64Lx5GWqBPvqftJPC0xXOI5VeOEQkZ320sHoEtcRdDwFR3wgexlzwIiJy-I6GfStNVtFFwTkGj0wOhxBgxrwamSxaJJxht9xaOh/s1600/0,,10268~3000108,00.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="173" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglV2ZByg1Kq1LVTKiayWozbbCXKsKhTS9NhVbfokT8k64Lx5GWqBPvqftJPC0xXOI5VeOEQkZ320sHoEtcRdDwFR3wgexlzwIiJy-I6GfStNVtFFwTkGj0wOhxBgxrwamSxaJJxht9xaOh/s200/0,,10268~3000108,00.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal">4. <span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Pada tahun 1986 klub mengadopsi logo keempat chelsea untuk membuat sebagian besar peluang merchandise tumbuh di sekitar sepak bola. Sementara desain huruf singa </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">dan CFC selalu konstan, kombinasi beberapa warna digunakan dari waktu ke waktu dan desain ini beberapa kali digunakan dalam garis lingkaran atau perisai.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><div class="MsoNormal"> Logo ini digunakan selama hampir 19 tahun dan banyak penggemar mulai mendukung Chelsea . Sementara itu pejabat klub juga penggemar membanjiri dewan direksi baru dengan tuntutan untuk kembali ke desain gaya lama untuk mengambil Chelsea ke era baru, terutama menjelang tahun ke seratus.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYsPRiEGz1vgsOP3Iz84zzBpWfN8pY_24fXntfDDaabU4c25KnU-KyqpQoHqdzpr1eToBVBGgu1IcgQnxZAOMmtAMOp9Ns14WHRJYxSkX7J6LGWYVHbqwm26eFs6qwtQlWdtZbm7mLg3ts/s1600/chelsea.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYsPRiEGz1vgsOP3Iz84zzBpWfN8pY_24fXntfDDaabU4c25KnU-KyqpQoHqdzpr1eToBVBGgu1IcgQnxZAOMmtAMOp9Ns14WHRJYxSkX7J6LGWYVHbqwm26eFs6qwtQlWdtZbm7mLg3ts/s200/chelsea.gif" width="200" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal">5. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Diluncurkan pada bulan November 2004, logo baru berlaku efektif mulai Mei 2005. Selain itu, versi seratus khusus digunakan selama tahun</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: -0.25in;">awal peringatan. </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Pada peluncuran, Peter Kenyon mengatakan: "Kami sangat bangga</span><span class="hps" style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: whitesmoke; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">dengan warisan Desain Chelsea ini logo baru ini didasarkan pada satu dari 1950-an dan itu adalah keputusan sadar untuk </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">melakukannya "Ketika kita mendekati seratus tahun kita, dan itu memulai klub pada era baru dan sangat menarik, tepat bahwa kita memiliki identitas baru yang mencerminkan tradisi kita dan dapat mewakili kita untuk 100 tahun ke depan."</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><br />
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><div class="MsoNormal">Berikut lah uraian singkat dari sejarah logo yang berjuluk the blues itu. Mungkin kata – katanya agak rancu, ~maklum, namanya juga terjemahan~, tapi semoga bermanfaat khususnya bagi para TB/TBA. Sekian n Terima kasih…</div><div class="MsoNormal">Source: <a href="http://www.chelseafc.com/">www.chelseafc.com</a> </div><br />
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</div>Ahmad Fauzihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06150653241766913304noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1136719305228619701.post-61122714881845858662012-03-03T07:01:00.002-08:002012-03-05T01:58:42.863-08:00Bagaimana Spektrometer massa bekerja?<span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px; text-align: left;">Ditulis oleh </span><a href="http://www.chem-is-try.org/author/Jim_Clark/" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #3259d8; font-family: Verdana, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Posts by Jim Clark">Jim Clark</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px; text-align: left;"> pada 23-09-2004</span><br />
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<div style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Prinsip dasar</span></b></div><div style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Apabila ada sebuah benda sedang bergerak lurus dan diberikan gaya luar ke arah samping maka benda itu tidak akan bergerak lurus, melainkan ia akan bergerak membelok ke arah samping karena adanya gaya luar tersebut.</span></div><div style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Misalkan anda sedang menghadapi sebuah bola meriam yang sedang melewati anda dan anda mau membelokkannya pada saat tepat lewat di depan anda. Dan alat yang anda punya hanyalah sebuah selang penyemprot air yang dihubungkan dengan sebuah pompa jet. Sejujurnya, apa yang anda lakukan .itu tidak akan berpengaruh banyak. Karena bola meriam itu sangat berat dan ia tidak akan membelok dari jalur lurusnya.</span></div><div style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Tapi coba kita pikir lagi, anda mencoba membelokan sebuah bola tenis yang sedang bergerak dengan kecepatan yang sama dengan bola meriam tersebut dengan menggunakan selang penyemprot air yang sama. Karena bola tenis ini sangat ringan, maka ia akan membelok dengan amat sangat.</span></div><div style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Berapa besar penyimpangan yang akan terjadi karena gaya luar itu, tergantung pada massa benda tersebut (dalam hal ini bola). Apabila kecepatan bola dan besarnya gaya luar itu diketahuiAanda bisa menghitung massa bola tersebut jika sudah diketahui bagaimana pola pembelokan yang terjadi pada bola tersebut. Semakin kecil pembelokan yang terjadi, berarti semakin berat massa bola tersebut.(Perhitungan yang sebenarnya tidaklah terlalu sulit) Prinsip diatas tersebut dapat juga diterapkan pada benda atau partikel seukuran atom.</span></div><div style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.75em; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img border="0" height="9" src="http://www.chem-is-try.org/wp-content/migrated_images/bullet.gif" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-style: initial; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /></b> <b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Garis besar tentang apa yang terjadi dalam alat spektrometer massa</b></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Atom dapat dibelokkan dalam sebuah medan magnet (dengan anggapan atom tersebut diubah menjadi ion terlebih dahulu). Karena partikel-partikel bermuatan listrik dibelokkan dalam medan magnet dan partikel-partikel yang tidak bermuatan (netral) tidak dibelokkan.</div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">Urutannya adalah sebagai berikut:</div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">Tahap pertama : <b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ionisasi</b></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Atom di-ionisasi dengan emengambilf satu atau lebih elektron dari atom tersebut supaya terbentuk ion positif. Ini juga berlaku untuk unsur-unsur yang biasanya membentuk ion-ion negatif (sebagai contoh, klor) atau unsur-unsur yang tidak pernah membentuk ion (sebagai contoh, argon). spektrometer massa ini selalu bekerja hanya dengan ion positif.</div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">Tahap kedua : <b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Percepatan</b></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">Ion-ion tersebut dipercepat supaya semuanya mempunyai energi kinetik yang sama.</div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">Tahap ketiga : <b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pembelokan</b></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Ion-ion tersebut dibelokkan dengan menggunakan medan magnet, pembelokan yang terjadi tergantung pada massa ion tersebut. Semakin ringan massanya, akan semakin dibelokan. Besarnya pembelokannya juga tergantung pada besar muatan positif ion tersebut. Dengan kata lain, semakin banyak elektron yang ediambilf pada tahap 1, semakin besar muatan ion tersebut, pembelokan yang terjadi akan semakin besar.</div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">Tahap keempat : <b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pendeteksian</b></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">Sinar-sinar ion yang melintas dalam mesin tersebut dideteksi dengan secara elektrik.</div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Diagram lengkap dari spektrometer massa:</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.chem-is-try.org/wp-content/migrated_images/belajar_analis01/masspec.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="260" src="http://www.chem-is-try.org/wp-content/migrated_images/belajar_analis01/masspec.gif" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img border="0" height="9" src="http://www.chem-is-try.org/wp-content/migrated_images/bullet.gif" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-style: initial; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> Penjelasan tentang apa yang terjadi</b></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Keadaan hampa udara</i></b></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Penting bagi ion-ion yang telah dibuat dalam ruang ionisasi untuk dapat bergerak lurus dalam mesin tanpa bertabrakan dengan molekul2 udara.</div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ionisasi</i></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.chem-is-try.org/wp-content/migrated_images/belajar_analis01/ionise.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="168" src="http://www.chem-is-try.org/wp-content/migrated_images/belajar_analis01/ionise.gif" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"></div><div style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Sampel yang berbentuk gas (<i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">vaporised sample</i>) masuk ke dalam ruang ionisasi. Kumparan metal yang dipanaskan dengan menggunakan listrik emelepaskanf elektron-elektron yang ada pada sampel dan elektron-elektron lepas itu menempel pada perangkap elektron (<i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">electron trap</i>) yang mempunyai muatan positif.</span></div><div style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Partikel-partikel dalam sample tersebut (atom atau molekul) dihantam oleh banyak sekali elektron-elektron, dan beberapa dari tumbukan tersebut mempunyai energi cukup untuk melepaskan satu atau lebih elektron dari sample tersebut sehingga sample tersebut menjadi ion positif.</span></div><div style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Kebanyakan ion-ion positif yang terbentuk itu mempunyai muatan +1 karena akan jauh lebih sulit untuk memindahkan elektron lagi dari sample yang sudah menjadi ion positif.</span></div><div style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Ion-ion positif yang terbentuk ini ediajak keluarf dan masuk ke bagian mesin yang merupakan sebuah lempengan metal yang bermuatan positif (<i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ion repellel</i>).</span></div><div style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tambahan</i></b>: Seperti yang anda akan lihat sebentar lagi, seluruh ruang ionisasi ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan tegangan listrik positif yang besar (10.000 V). Ketika kita berbicara tentang kedua lempengan bermuatan positif, berarti lempengan tersebut mempunyai muatan lebih dari 10.000 V. </span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
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<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; font-style: normal; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Percepatan</i></b> </span></i></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.chem-is-try.org/wp-content/migrated_images/belajar_analis01/accelerate.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="134" src="http://www.chem-is-try.org/wp-content/migrated_images/belajar_analis01/accelerate.gif" width="320" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"></div><div style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Ion-ion positif yang ditolak dari ruang ionisasi yang sangat positif itu akan melewati 3 celah, dimana celah terakhir itu bermuatan 0 V. Celah yang berada di tengah mempunyai voltase menengah. Semua ion-ion tersebut dipercepat sampai menjadi sinar yang sangat terfokus.</span></div><div style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Pembelokkan</span></b></i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.chem-is-try.org/wp-content/migrated_images/belajar_analis01/deflect.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="201" src="http://www.chem-is-try.org/wp-content/migrated_images/belajar_analis01/deflect.gif" width="320" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"></div><div style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Ion yang berbeda-beda akan dibelokkan secara berbeda pula oleh medan magnet. Besarnya pembelokan yang dialami oleh sebuah ion tergantung pada:</span></div><div style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">* Massa ion tersebut.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Ion-ion yang bermassa ringan akan dibelokkan lebih daripada ion-ion yang bermassa berat.</span></div><div style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">* Muatan ion.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.5em;">Ion yang mempunyai muatan +2 (atau lebih) akan dibelokkan lebih daripada ion-ion yang bermuatan +1.</span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
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<div style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Dua faktor diatas digabungkan ke dalam <b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Perbandingan Massa/Muatan</b>. Perbandingan ini mempunyai simbol m/z (atau m/e)</span></div><div style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Sebagai contoh: Apabila sebuah ion mempunyai massa 28 dan bermuatan +1, maka perbandingan massa/muatan ion tersebut adalah 28. Ion yang mempunyai massa 56 dan bermuatan +2 juga mempunyai perbandingan massa/muatan yang sama yaitu 28.</span></div><div style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Pada gambar diatas, sinar A mengalami pembelokkan yang paling besar, yang berarti sinar tersebut terdiri dari ion-ion yang mempunyai perbandingan massa/muatan yang terkecil. Sedangkan sinar C mengalami pembelokkan yang paling kecil, berarti ia terdiri dari ion-ion yang mempunyai perbandingan massa/muatan yang paling besar.</span></div><div style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Akan jauh lebih mudah untuk membahas masalah ini jika kita menganggap bahwa muatan semua ion adalah +1. Hampir semua ion-ion yang lewat dalam spektrometer massa ini bermuatan +1, sehingga besarnya perbandingan massa/muatannya akan sama dengan massa ion tersebut.</span></div><div style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tambahan</i></b>: Anda juga harus mengerti bahwa kemungkinan adanya ion bermuatan +2(atau lebih), tetapi kebanyakan soal-soal akan memberikan spektrum massa dimana ion-ion nya hanya bermuatan +1. Kecuali bila ada petunjuk dalam soal tersebut, anda bisa menganggap bahwa ion yang sedang dibicarakan dalam soal tersebut adalah bermuatan +1</span></div><div style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Jadi dengam menganggap semua ion bermuatan +1, maka sinar A terdiri dari ion yang paling ringan, selanjutnya sinar B dan yang terdiri dari ion yang paling berat adalah sinar C. Ion-ion yang ringan akan lebih dibelokkan daripada ion yang berat.</span></div><div style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Pendeteksian</span></i></b></div><div style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Pada gambar diatas, hanya sinar B yang bisa terus melaju sampai ke pendetektor ion. Ion-ion lainnya bertubrukan dengan dinding dimana ion-ion akan menerima elektron dan dinetralisasi. Pada akhirnya, ion-ion yang telah menjadi netral tersebut akan dipisahkan dari spektrometer massa oleh pompa vakum.</span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.chem-is-try.org/wp-content/migrated_images/belajar_analis01/detect.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="174" src="http://www.chem-is-try.org/wp-content/migrated_images/belajar_analis01/detect.gif" width="320" /></span></a></div><div style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Ketika sebuah ion menubruk kotak logam, maka ion tersebut akan dinetralisasi oleh elektron yang pindah dari logam ke ion (gambar kanan). Hal ini akan menimbulkan ruang antara elektron-elektron yang ada dalam logam tersebut, dan elektron-elektron yang berada dalam kabel akan mengisi ruang tersebut.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Aliran elektron di dalam kabel itu dideteksi sebagai arus listrik yang bisa diperkuat dan dicatat. Semakin banyak ion yang datang, semakin besat arus listrik yang timbul.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mendeteksi ion-ion lainnya</i></b>.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Bagaimana ion-ion lainnya dapat dideteksi – padahal sinar A dan sinar B sudah tidak ada lagi dalam mesin?</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Ingat bahwa sinar A dibelokkan paling besar, berarti ia mempunyai nilai m/z yang paling kecil(ion yang paling ringan bila bermuatan +1) Untuk membuat sinar ini sampai ke detektor ion, anda perlu membelokkan sinar tersebut dengan menggunakan medan magnet yang lebih kecil(gaya luar yang lebih kecil).</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Untuk membuat ion-ion yang mempunyai nilai m/z yang besar(ion yang berat bila bermuatan +1) sampai ke detektor ion, maka anda perlu membelokkannya dengan menggunakan medan magnet yang lebih besar.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Dengan merubah besarnya medan magnet yang digunakan, maka anda bisa membawa semua sinar yang ada secara bergantian ke detektor ion, dimana disana ion-ion tersebut akan menimbulkan arus listrik dimana besarnya berbanding lurus dengan jumlah ion yang datang. Massa dari semua ion yang dideteksi itu tergantung pada besarnya medan magnet yang digunakan untuk membawa sinar tersebut ke detektor ion. Mesin ini dapat disesuaikan untuk mencatat arus listrik (yang merupakan jumlah ion-ion) dengan m/z secara langsung. Massa tersebut diukur dengan menggunakan skala <sup style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">12</sup>C.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tambahan</i></b>: Skala <sup style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">12</sup>C adalah skala dimana isotop <sup style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">12</sup>C mempunyai berat tepat 12 unit.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="9" src="http://www.chem-is-try.org/wp-content/migrated_images/bullet.gif" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-style: initial; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="8" /> Bagaimana bentuk output dari spektrometer massa</span></b></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Hasil dari pencatat diagram disederhanakan menjadi ediagram garisf. Ini menunjukkan arus listrik yang timbul oleh beragam ion yang mempunyai perbandingan m/z masing2.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Diagram garis Molybdenum (Mo) adalah sebagai berikut:</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.chem-is-try.org/wp-content/migrated_images/belajar_analis01/momasspec.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="166" src="http://www.chem-is-try.org/wp-content/migrated_images/belajar_analis01/momasspec.gif" width="320" /></span></a></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Garis tegak lurus itu menunjukkan besarnya arus listrik yang diterima oleh alat pencatat arus yang berarti banyaknya ion datang ke detektor. Seperti yang anda bisa lihat dari diagram diatas, ion yang paling banyak adalah ion yang mempunyai perbandingan m/z 98. Ion-ion lainnya mempunyai perbandingan m/z 92,94,95,96,97 dan 100.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Ini berarti molybdenum mempunyai 7 macam isotop. Dengan menganggap bahwa semua ion tersebut bermuatan +1 maka berarti massa dari ketujuh isotop tersebut adalah 92,94,95,96,97 ,98 dan 100.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tambahan</i></b><span style="text-align: left;">: Bila ada ion bermuatan +2 , maka anda akan tahu karena semua garis yang ada pada diagram diatas akan mempunyai garis lain dengan besar 1/2 dari nilai m/z (karena, sebagai contoh, 98/2=49). Garis-garis itu akan jauh lebih sedikit daripada garis ion +1 karena kemungkinan terbentuknya ion +2 adalah jauh lebih kecil bila dibandingkan dengan kemungkinan terbentuknya ion +1.</span> </span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">source: </span></span><a href="http://chem-is-try.org/" style="font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: left;">chem-is-try.org</a></div>Ahmad Fauzihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06150653241766913304noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1136719305228619701.post-79697727308655904592012-03-01T02:31:00.000-08:002012-03-01T02:31:46.005-08:00Trik Bermain Pro Evolution Soccer 2011<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://images03.olx.com.br/ui/9/90/49/1289436900_136848149_1-Fotos-de--PES-2011-Ps3-Americano-Pro-Evolution-Soccer-2011-1289436900.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="179" src="http://images03.olx.com.br/ui/9/90/49/1289436900_136848149_1-Fotos-de--PES-2011-Ps3-Americano-Pro-Evolution-Soccer-2011-1289436900.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Sering kesal karena selalu kalah kala main PES 2011? hal itu wajar bagi orang yang baru memainkan game tersebut, pasalnya PES 2011 berbeda dengan pendahulunya. Selain grafisnya yang memukau, juga ada trik - trik tambahan yang belum ada dari yang sebelumnya, <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">mulai teknik baru tendangan bebas / freekick, Dribble, crossing, cara tendangan pinalti yang baru dari PES 2011. </span>Berikut ini akan dibocorkan sedikit trik-trik ber mainnya.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal">Tips - trik dribble PES 2011 :</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>diagonal bounce</b> : tahan L2, arahkan analog kanan ke kiri dan analog kiri ke atas kanan</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>heel chop</b> : tahan L2, arahkan analog kanan keatas dan analog kiri ke atas</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Backhell Feint</b> : tahan L2, putar 1/4 lingkaran analog kanan dari arah kiri hingga ke atas dan analog kiri ke arah bawah</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Rainbow Flick</b> : tahan L2, dan tekan analog kanan 2 kali</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Ball roll 1</b> : tahan L2, arahkan analog kanan ke bawah</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Ball roll 2</b> : tahan L2, arahkan analog kanan ke bawah lalu ke atas</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Front Flick</b> : tahan L2, tekan analog kanan dan analog kiri arah kan ke kiri atas (serong)</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><div class="MsoNormal">Tips - Trik crossing PES 2011 : </div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Pertama</b>, Umpan lambung tinggi. Anda cukup menekan tombol O sekali saja.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Kedua</b>, Umpan crossing lambung menengah. Anda cukup menekan tombol O dua kali.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Ketiga</b>, Umpan crossing mendatar. Anda cukup menekan tombol O tiga kali.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><div class="MsoNormal">Tips - Trik Freekick / tendangan bebas PES 2011 :</div><div class="MsoNormal">Arahkan pemain kita ke sudut yg jauh dari kiper.</div><div class="MsoNormal">Tekan dan tahan tombol arah bawah, lalu tekan tombol kotak dg power gauge skitar 60% .</div><div class="MsoNormal">segera lepas tombol arah bawah tadi lalu ganti menekan tombol X+arah dan Bola akan menukik.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><div class="MsoNormal">Tips - Trik Pinalty PES 2011 :</div><div class="MsoNormal">pada posisi ini kita cukup menekan tombol kotak (langsung dilepas,) kemudian tunggu beberapa saat sampai pemain bergerak mendekati bola.</div><div class="MsoNormal">setelah pemain berada pada posisi di dekat bola, kita pencet tombol arah atas/bawah dengan menekannya sampai pemain menendang bola.</div><div class="MsoNormal">GOOOOOOAAAALLLLLL :D</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><div class="MsoNormal">note: untuk trik-trik di atas lakukan analog kanan dahulu lalu analog kiri, jangan di gerakan atau di tekan secara bersamaan</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">trik lain:</div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=1136719305228619701"><b>diving</b></a> : tekan analog kiri dan analog kanan secara bersamaan</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><div class="MsoNormal">TOP SECRET PES 2011/2012</div><div class="MsoNormal">Rahasia paling utama atau kunci untuk menang dalam Winning Eleven dan Pro Evolution Soccer 2011/2012 ada 2 :</div><div class="MsoNormal">1. “Mendahului”, lebih cepat lebih baik. Itulah kunci pertama, jadi jika ada bola lepas, anda dan lawan anda hendak merebutnya, maka cepat-cepatlah menekan tombol X, hal ini juga bisa diterapkan untuk umpan terobosan atau pun crosing dan tendangan, inilah salah satu cara untuk memenangkan ball possesion dalam permainan.</div><div class="MsoNormal">2. <a href="http://q.gs/933341/strategy-display" target="_blank" title="pelajari tentang strategy display lebih dalam"> “Strategy display”</a> yang berada di sebelah nama, para pemula pasti banyak yang tidak tahu mengenai hal ini, tapi untuk para pro gamers, hal ini adalah basic/dasar ilmu bagi mereka, kenapa??, karena inilah yang membuat serangan dadakan para pro gamers menjadi brutal sehingga lawan sangat kewalahan bahkan sampai tidak berkutik, kemudian counter attack yang super cepat dan mematikan, dan yang terpenting adalah great defence ala tembok cina yang penuh dengan ilmu hitam sampai ke penjaga gawangnya, tertarik bukan ingin mencoba??, inilah rahasianya.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://fehrrypes.blogspot.com/2011/10/mempelajari-strategy-display-lebih.html" target="_blank" title="pelajari strategy display lebih dalam disini">Strategy Display</a></div><div class="MsoNormal">terbagi atas 5 warna, yakni merah, orange, kuning, hijau, dan biru. Untuk mengganti warna naik, tekan L2 lalu R1, untuk warna turun tekan L2 lalu R2(PS2).untuk PS3 ataupun PC berbeda caranya</div><div class="MsoNormal">Intinya seperti mesin persneling pada motor gitu dech, jika ingin naik warna tekan L2 lalu R1, kalau mau diturunin warnanya tinggal tekan L2 lalu R2 aja. kalau untuk PS3 tombol L2 diganti dengan tombol select, dan Untuk PC tombolnya yang selectdiganti dengan tombol Start,, serta untuk mengganti warnanya tetap sama caranya dengan R1 dan R2</div><div class="MsoNormal">ingin tahu rahasia dibalik warna-warna tersebut, liat aja di bawah ini</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>merah</b> = full attack, inilah rahasia dibalik kebrutalan para pro gamers,</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>orange</b> = semi attack, inilah cara lawan anda mempressure anda atau menekan anda dalam permainan, sangat efektif untuk memberikan tekanan kepada lawan.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>kuning </b>= standard tempo, inilah cara jika ingin menormalkan tempo permainan anda(bermain santai).</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>hijau</b> = berguna untuk mengantisipasi counter attack lawan,</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>biru </b>= si empunya ilmu hitam, inilah yang membuat best pertahan ala ilmu hitam, dimana lawan akan sulit sekali menembus pertahanan anda ataupun mencetak gol. berguna untuk membuat lawan frustasi.</div><div class="MsoNormal">tips dari saya, secepat mungkinlah untuk mengganti-ganti warnanya, lebih cepat lebih baik. </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">sekian trik - triknya..semoga bermanfaat dan jadilah gamers yang ulung.....</div><div class="MsoNormal"><object id="BLOG_video-FAILED-0" class="BLOG_video_class" contentid="FAILED" width="320" height="266" ></object></div>Ahmad Fauzihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06150653241766913304noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1136719305228619701.post-30852973157606350572012-02-26T08:34:00.001-08:002012-02-26T08:35:59.047-08:00Fakta Menarik “Kutukan 6 Tahun Chelsea” di Liga Champions<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">Tahukah anda bahwa dalam perjalanannya di liga champions selama ini, Frank Lampard Cs. memiliki kisah dan fakta yang menarik. Namun sayangnya kisah itu tak seindah harapan dan ambisi sang pemilik klub Roman Abramovich. Sejak kedatangan sang billiuner asal Rusia pada tahun 2003 itu, Chelsea hanyalah salah satu dari beberapa tim kuda hitam lain di premier League. Prestasinya masih jauh di bawah <em>The big three </em>(MU, Arsenal, Liverpool) yang saat itu mendominasi liga utama Inggris. Roman “The King Emperor” Abramovich yang memang sangat cinta kepada hingar-bingar dunia sepakbola berhasil membeli Chelsea dari Ken Bates pada Juni 2003 dengan harga 140 juta poundsterling. Itu adalah rekor penjualan klub Inggris termahal saat itu. Misi yang diusung sang bos besar adalah menjadikan Chelsea sebagai klub terbaik di Inggris, eropa maupun di dunia. Dengan modal finansial yang tak terbatas dari sang pemilik klub, Langkah cepat pun diambil oleh manajemen klub guna merealisasikan keinginan Roman Abramovich dengan membajak General manajer Peter Kenyon dari Manchester United. Kenyon merupakan orang yang menjadikan MU sebagai klub terkaya di dunia kala itu, prestasi kenyon ini membuat sang bos menunjuknya untuk mengelola klub yang baru dibelinya. Sejumlah pemain bintang pun diboyong ke stadion Stanford Bridge, mulai dari Joe Cole, Arjen Robben, Asley Cole hingga Fernando Torres yang baru didatangkan belum lama ini dari Liverpool. Selama masa kepemilikan sang Roman Emperor, sudah ada enam pelatih papan atas yang bergantian melatih klub asal London ini. Dari Claudio Ranieri (2003), Jose Mourinho (2004-2007), Avram Grant (2007-2008), Luis Felipe Scolari (2008), Gus Hiddink (2008), dan Carlo Anceloti (2009-sekarang). Prestasi terbaik Chlsea adalah pada masa era kepelatihan Mourinho dengan menjuarai liga (2005,2006), piala liga (2005,2007), piala FA (2007) dan semifinalis liga champios (2005). Kemudian di era Don Carlo, Chelsea juga berhasil menjuarai liga inggris dan piala FA tahun 2010. Lalu mana prestasi Chelsea di Liga Champions?</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">Prestasi Chelsea di kancah domestik berbanding terbalik dengan sepak terjangnya di kancah eropa. Delapan tahun masa kepemilikan Roman Abramovich berjalan, tak sekalipun pernah bagi Chelsea mencicipi manisnya gelar juara liga para juara eropa tersebut. Raihan positif yang dicapai hanya sebagai Runner Up liga champions tahun 2008 setelah dikalahkan Manchester United lewat babak adu penalti. Di musim lainnya, pencapaian tertinggi Chelsea cuma sampai pada babak semifinal setelah disingkirkan Liverpool dua kali (2005, 2007) dan Barcelona (2009). Ada fakta menarik jika kita cermati perjalanan Chelsea selama berlaga di liga champions dalam 8 tahun ini. Uniknya, setiap klub yang berhasil menyingkirkan Chelsea di liga Champions (perdelapan final, perempat final, semifinal) selalu berakhir dengan status sebagai juara, paling tidak sebagai finalis liga champions. Dari tahun 2005 saat Liverpool juara sampai tahun 2010 kala Inter Milan meraih <em>treble winner. </em>Chelsea seperti sudah dikutuk menjadi tumbal bagi calon juara liga champions. Kutukan Chelsea itu bisa kita lihat bersama di bawah ini.</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"><em>Musim 2004-2005 : </em>Musim ini merupakan<em> </em>musim pertama Mourinho melatih Chelsea. Di musim pertamanya ini, Mouronho sukses menyingkirkan Barcelona yang masih dikomandoi oleh Frank Rijjkard di babak perempat final. Pada leg pertama, Barcelona berhasil mengalahkan Chelsea dengan skor 2-1 di Nou camp. Namun Chelsea mampu membalas kekalahan dengan skor 4-2 di Stanford Bridge, Chelsea pun melaju ke babak semi final dengan agregat 5-4 untuk bertemu dengan wakil Inggris lainnya, Liverpool. Disinilah kutukan Chelsea bermula, bermain imbang tanpa gol di leg pertama membuat Chelsea harus mencuri 1 poin untuk bisa lolos ke final dengan catatan minimal skor akhir 1-1. Misi ini gagal dicapai Chelsea karena gol kontroversial dari Daniel Agger tak bisa dikejar Chelsea untuk menyamakan kedudukan. Liverpool lolos ke final dan menjadi juara setelah mengalahkan AC Milan.</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"><em>Musim 2005-2006 : </em>Setelah dipermalukan Chelsea pada musim sebelumnya, Barcelona ditakdirkan untuk bertemu Chelsea kembali di perempat final. Mengusung misi balas dendam, pasukan pelatih Frank Rijkaard bermain penuh dengan determinasi. Chelsea dibuat tak berkutik oleh aksi Ronaldinho dkk dalam 2 leg yang digelar. Barcelona sukses membalas dendam mereka dengan menyingkirkan Chelsea dengan agregat 3-2. Di semifinal Barcelona juga berhasil mengubur niat AC Milan untuk menjuarai liga champions ke 7 mereka dengan agregat 1-0. Arsenal menjadi lawan Barcelona di final, skor akhir 2-1 dan barcelona juara.</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"><em>Musim 2006-2007 : </em>Di musim ini, kutukan Chelsea berlanjut walau tim yang menyingkirkan mereka gagal menjadi juara. Liverpool kembali menjadi momok buat mereka. Tim yang pada tahun 2005 telah memupuskan harapan mereka di semifinal, kembali harus dihadapi Chelsea di kancah liga champions. Lagi-lagi Chelsea harus gigit jari, Liverpool berhasil mengulang cerita 2 tahun sebelumnya dengan mendepak Chelsea dari turnamen tahunan ini. Di final, AC Milan sudah menunggu dengan penuh ambisi untuk membalas dendam final tahun 2005 di Istanbul silam. Filippo Inzaghi mencetak dua gol, sedangkan Dirk Kyut hanya bisa membalas di menit akhir jelang pertandingan usai. Milan untuk ke 7 kalinya berhasil meraih titel juara.</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"><em>Musim 2007-2008 : </em>Tahun ini Chelsea mencetak trend positif mereka di liga champions karena mampu menghapus mitos buruknya selalu kalah dengan Liverpool dengan menyingkirkan Liverpool di semifinal. Didier Drogba menjadi aktor utama Chelsea untuk pertama kalinya tampil di final liga champions. CR7 cs menjadi lawannya di final, harapan sang pemilik Roman Abramovich untuk menggenggam trofi liga champions sempat muncul ketika CR7 gagal mengeksekusi penalti dalam babak adu penalti. Sayangnya sang kapten John Terry juga gagal mengeksekusi penalti hingga adu penalti pun berlanjut pada penendang berikutnya. Giliran Nicolas Anelka untuk mengambil eksekusi, tendangannya mampu dibaca oleh Edwin Van Der Saar dan MU pun menjadi juara setelah terakhir juara pada tahun 1999.</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"><em>Musim 2008-2009 : </em>Chelsea kembali mampu melangkah ke semifinal unutk berjumpa dengan Barcelona. Leg pertama yang digelar di Nou camp berakhir dengan skor 0-0. Gol spektakuler Michael Essien di leg kedua babak pertama sempat memberikan asa pada Chelsea untuk berlaga di final 2 tahun berturut-turut. Kesempatan itu semakin besar setelah Barcelona hanya bermain dengan 10 orang sejak awal babak kedua. Namun Andreas Iniesta membuat pendukung Chelsea yang memadati Stanford Bridge terhenyak lewat golnya di menit 90. Skor akhir 1-1 dan Barcelona berhak melaju ke final karena unggul gol tandang. Pertandingan antara 2 pemain terbaik dunia tersaji di final, antara Lionel messi (Barcelona) vs Cristiano Ronaldo (MU). Messi menunjukan pada dunia bahwa dirinya lebih hebat dibanding CR7 dengan mencetak gol ke gawang Edwin Van Der Saar. Sebelumnya Samuel Eto’o terlebih dulu mencetak gol pada menit ke empat. Hasil akhir dimenangkan Barcelona dengan skor 2-0. Barcelona pun juara untuk ke 3 kalinya sepanjang mengikuti ajang ini.</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"><em>Musim 2009-2010 : </em>Untuk pertama kalinya Chelsea harus berhadapan dengan tim yang dilatih mantan pelatih mereka di liga champions. Jose Mourinho yang pada saat itu melatih Inter Milan harus menyambangi bekas markasnya di London untuk bertanding melawan mantan klubnya, Chelsea. Pertemuan itu terjadi di babak perdelapan final dengan Inter Milan bertindak sebagai tuan rumah pada pertemuan pertama. Di San Siro, Inter menumbangkan perlawanan anak asuhan Carlo Ancelotti dengan skor 2-1. Untuk menyingkirkan Inter, Chelsea harus menang minimal 1-0 di kandangnya. Namun Samuel Eto’o membuat harapan ancelotti pupus dengan mencetak gol hasil umpan panjang dari Wesley Sneijder, Inter lolos dengan agregat 3-1. Setelah menyingkirkan Barcelona di semi final dengan agregat 3-2, Inter akhirnya melaju ke babak final untuk melawan Bayern Muenchen. Sepasang gol Diego Milito sudah cukup mengantarkan Inter menjadi juara.</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"><em>Musim 2010-</em><em>2011 </em>: Hasil Drawing Perempat final liga champions mempertemukan Chelsea dengan Manchester United. Tim yang mengalahkan mereka di final 2008 ini kembali harus mereka lawan, Chelsea diberi kesempatan untuk menjamu MU di leg pertama nanti malam. Jika kutukan Chelsea berlanjut, maka Chelsea akan kalah dan tersingkir untuk kemudian MU menjadi juara. Apakah Chelsea akan menjadi tumbal lagi bagi calon juara….????????</div><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">ATAU MUNGKIN, INI HANYA KEBETULAN SEMATA. MENARIK UNTUK DISIMAK.</div>Ahmad Fauzihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06150653241766913304noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1136719305228619701.post-75469328231594168742012-02-26T08:17:00.000-08:002012-02-26T08:17:42.277-08:00TIPS: Cara Menguasai Kecerdasan Emosi Anda<span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><strong>Kuasai Kecerdasan Emosi Anda!</strong></span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Ditulis oleh: Anne Ahira</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><em style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">"Siapapun bisa marah. Marah itu mudah.<br />
Tetapi, marah pada orang yang tepat,<br />
dengan kadar yang sesuai, pada waktu<br />
yang tepat, demi tujuan yang benar, dan<br />
dengan cara yg baik, bukanlah hal mudah." </em><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">-- Aristoteles, The Nicomachean Ethics.</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Mampu menguasai emosi, seringkali orang</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">menganggap remeh pada masalah ini.</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Padahal, kecerdasan otak saja tidak</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">cukup menghantarkan seseorang mencapai</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">kesuksesan.</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Justru, pengendalian emosi yang baik</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">menjadi faktor penting penentu</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">kesuksesan hidup seseorang.</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Kecerdasan emosi adalah sebuah gambaran</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">mental dari seseorang yang cerdas dalam</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">menganalisa, merencanakan dan</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">menyelesaikan masalah, mulai dari yang</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">ringan hingga kompleks.</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Dengan kecerdasan ini, seseorang bisa</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">memahami, mengenal, dan memilih</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">kualitas mereka sebagai insan manusia.</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Orang yang memiliki kecerdasan emosi</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">bisa memahami orang lain dengan baik</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">dan membuat keputusan dengan bijak.</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Lebih dari itu, kecerdasan ini terkait</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">erat dengan bagaimana seseorang dapat</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">mengaplikasikan apa yang ia pelajari</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">tentang kebahagiaan, mencintai dan</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">berinteraksi dengan sesamanya.</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Ia pun tahu tujuan hidupnya, dan akan</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">bertanggung jawab dalam segala hal yang</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">terjadi dalam hidupnya sebagai bukti</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">tingginya kecerdasan emosi yang</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">dimilikinya.</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Kecerdasan emosi lebih terfokus pada</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">pencapaian kesuksesan hidup yang </span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><strong style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">*tidak tampak*.</strong><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Kesuksesan bisa tercapai ketika</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">seseorang bisa membuat kesepakatan</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">dengan melibatkan emosi, perasaan dan</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">interaksi dengan sesamanya. </span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Terbukti, pencapaian kesuksesan secara </span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">materi tidak menjamin kepuasan hati</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">seseorang.</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Di tahun 1990, Kecerdasan Emosi (yang</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">juga dikenal dengan sebutan "EQ"),</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">dikenalkan melalui pasar dunia.</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Dinyatakan bahwa kemampuan seseorang</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">untuk mengatasi dan menggunakan emosi</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">secara tepat dalam setiap bentuk</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">interaksi lebih dibutuhkan daripada</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">kecerdasan otak (IQ) seseorang.</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Sekarang, mari kita lihat, bagaimana</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">emosi bisa mengubah segala keterbatasan</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">menjadi hal yang luar biasa....</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Seorang miliuner kaya di Amerika</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Serikat, Donald Trump, adalah contoh</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">apik dalam hal ini. Di tahun 1980</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">hingga 1990, Trump dikenal sebagai</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">pengusaha real estate yang cukup</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">sukses, dengan kekayaan pribadi yang</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">diperkirakan sebesar satu miliar US</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">dollar.</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Dua buku berhasil ditulis pada puncak</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">karirnya, yaitu "</span><em style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">The Art of The Deal<br />
dan Surviving at the Top"</em><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">. Namun jalan</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">yang dilalui Trump tidak selalu</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">mulus...</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Anda ingat depresi yang melanda dunia</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">di akhir tahun 1990? Pada saat itu</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">harga saham properti pun ikut anjlok</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">dengan drastis. Hingga dalam waktu</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">semalam, kehidupan Trump menjadi sangat</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">berkebalikan.</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Trump yang sangat tergantung pada</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">bisnis propertinya ini harus menanggung</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">hutang sebesar 900 juta US Dollar!</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Bahkan Bank Dunia sudah memprediksi</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">kebangkrutannya.</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Beberapa temannya yang mengalami nasib</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">serupa berpikir bahwa inilah akhir</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">kehidupan mereka, hingga benar-benar</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">mengakhiri hidupnya dengan cara bunuh</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">diri.</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Di sini kecerdasan emosi Trump</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">benar-benar diuji. Bagaimana tidak,</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">ketika ia mengharap simpati dari mantan</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">istrinya, ia justru diminta memberikan</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">semua harta yang tersisa sebagai ganti</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">rugi perceraian mereka.</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Orang-orang yang dianggap sebagai teman</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">dekatnya pun pergi meninggalkannya</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">begitu saja. Alasan yang sangat</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">mendukung bagi Trump untuk putus asa</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">dan menyerah pada hidup. Namun itu</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">tidak dilakukannya.</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Trump justru memandang bahwa ini</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">kesempatan untuk bekerja dan mengubah</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">keadaan. Meski secara finansial ia</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">telah kehilangan segalanya, namun ada</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><em style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><strong>"intangible asset" </strong></em><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">yang tetap</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">dimilikinya.</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Ya, Trump memiliki </span><strong style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">pengalaman</strong><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> dan</span><strong style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
pemahaman</strong><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> bisnis yang kuat, yang jauh</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">lebih berharga dari semua hartanya yang</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">pernah ada!</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Apa yang terjadi selanjutnya?</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Fantastis, enam bulan kemudian Trump</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">sudah berhasil membuat kesepakatan</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">terbesar dalam sejarah bisnisnya.</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Tiga tahun berikutnya, Trump mampu</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">mendapat keuntungan sebesar US$3</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Milliar. Ia pun berhasil menulis</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">kembali buku terbarunya yang diberi</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">judul </span><em style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">"The Art of The Comeback".</em><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Dalam bukunya ini Trump bercerita</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">bagaimana kebangkrutan yang menimpanya</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">justru menjadikannya lebih bijaksana,</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">kuat dan fokus daripada sebelumnya.</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Bahkan ia berpikir, jika saja musibah</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">itu tidak terjadi, maka ia tidak akan</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">pernah tahu teman sejatinya dan tidak</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">akan menjadikannya lebih kaya dari yang</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">sebelumnya. Luar biasa bukan? :-)</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Kecerdasan Emosi memberikan seseorang</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">keteguhan untuk bangkit dari kegagalan,</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">juga mendatangkan kekuatan pada</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">seseorang untuk berani menghadapi</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">ketakutan.</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Tidak sama halnya seperti kecerdasan</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">otak atau IQ, kecerdasan emosi hadir</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">pada setiap org & </span><strong style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">bisa dikembangkan.</strong><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Berikut beberapa tips bagaimana cara</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">mengasah kecerdasan emosi:</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><strong style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">1. Selalu hidup dengan keberanian.</strong><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> Latihan dan berani mencoba hal-hal baru</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> akan memberikan beragam pengalaman dan</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> membuka pikiran dengan berbagai</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> kemungkinan lain dalam hidup.</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><strong style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">2. Selalu bertanggung jawab dalam<br />
segala hal.</strong><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> Ini akan menjadi jalan untuk bisa</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> mendapatkan kepercayaan orang lain dan</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> mengendalikan kita untuk tidak mudah</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> menyerah. </span><em style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">"being accountable is being<br />
dependable"</em><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><strong style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">3. Berani keluar dari zona nyaman.</strong><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> Mencoba keluar dari zona nyaman akan</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> membuat kita bisa mengeksplorasi banyak</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> hal.</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><strong style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">4. Mengenali rasa takut dan mencoba<br />
untuk menghadapinya.</strong><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> Melakukan hal ini akan membangun rasa</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> percaya diri dan dapat menjadi jaminan</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> bahwa segala sesuatu pasti ada</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> solusinya.</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><strong style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">5. Bersikap rendah hati.</strong><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> Mau mengakui kesalahan dalam hidup</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> justru dapat meningkatkan harga diri</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> kita.</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">So, kuasailah kecerdasan emosi Anda!</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Karena mengendalikan emosi merupakan</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">salah satu faktor penting yang bisa</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">mengendalikan Anda menuju sukses dan</span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">juga menikmati warna-warni kehidupan. :-)</span> <br />
<span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: black; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Kunjungi:</span><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: blue; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><strong><a href="http://www.asianbrain.com/" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://www.<wbr></wbr>AsianBrain.com</a></strong></span><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> klik!</span>Ahmad Fauzihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06150653241766913304noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1136719305228619701.post-44305161673167822342012-02-26T08:02:00.000-08:002012-02-26T08:02:57.644-08:00Tips: Bagaimana Cara Menyikapi Kritikan<div style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><em>"Anda tidak berhak dipuji kalau tidak<br />
bisa menerima kritikan." </em><br />
-- Halle Berry, 2005<br />
<br />
Itulah kalimat dahsyat yang disampaikan<br />
Halle Berry, artis peraih Oscar melalui<br />
film James Bond <em>'Die Another Day'</em> di<br />
tahun 2004 ketika mendapat piala Razzie<br />
Award.<br />
<br />
Razzie Award adalah penghargaan yang<br />
diberikan kepada mereka yang dinilai<br />
aktingnya buruk. Label pemain terburuk<br />
ini didapatkan Halle setelah memainkan<br />
perannya di film '<em>Cat Woman</em>'.<br />
<br />
Ia adalah orang yang pertama kali<br />
langsung datang ke tempat pemberian<br />
penghargaan tersebut.<br />
<br />
Tidak ada Aktor dan Artis lain<br />
sebelumnya yang sanggup datang dan<br />
hanya menyampaikan pesannya melalui<br />
video.<br />
<br />
Sambutannya sungguh menarik :<em>"Saya<br />
menerima penghargaan ini dengan tulus.<br />
Saya menganggap ini sebagai kritik<br />
bagi saya untuk tampil lebih baik di<br />
film-film saya berikutnya. Saya masih<br />
ingat pesan ibu saya bahwa... 'Kamu<br />
tidak berhak dipuji kalau kamu tidak<br />
bisa menerima kritikan'."</em><br />
<br />
Tepukan tangan sambil berdiri sebagai<br />
bentuk ketakjuban dari para hadirin<br />
sangat memeriahkan malam itu. Ya,<br />
sangat sedikit orang yang sanggup<br />
menerima kritikan seperti Halle.<br />
<br />
Nah, sekarang, apa arti kritik bagi<br />
Anda? Apakah itu musibah buruk?<br />
Seperti bencana yang tidak terduga,<br />
atau... simbol kehancuran diri? Adakah<br />
yang bisa menganggap kritik layaknya ia<br />
menerima pujian?<br />
<br />
Kritik memiliki banyak bentuk...<br />
<br />
Kritik bisa berupa nasehat, obrolan,<br />
sindiran, guyonan, hingga cacian pedas.<br />
Wajar saja jika setiap orang tidak suka<br />
akan kritik.<br />
<br />
Bagaimanapun, akan lebih menyenangkan<br />
jika kita berlaku dan tampil sempurna,<br />
memuaskan semua orang dan mendapatkan<br />
pujian.<br />
<br />
Tapi siapa yang bisa menjamin bahwa<br />
kita bisa aman dari kritik? Tokh kita<br />
hanyalah manusia dengan segala<br />
keterbatasannya. Dan nyatanya, di dunia<br />
ini lebih banyak orang yang suka<br />
mengkritik, daripada dikritik. :-)<br />
<br />
Kalau Anda suka sepak bola, pasti<br />
sering mengamati para komentator dalam<br />
mengeluarkan pernyataan pedasnya.<br />
<br />
Padahal belum tentu kepandaian mereka<br />
dalam mengkritik orang lain sebanding<br />
dengan kemampuannya jika disuruh<br />
memainkan bola sendiri di lapangan. ;-)<br />
<br />
Belum lagi para pakar dan pengamat<br />
politik, ekonomi, maupun sosial. Mereka<br />
ramai-ramai berkomentar kepada publik,<br />
seolah pernyataan merekalah yang paling<br />
benar. :-)<br />
<br />
Namun bukan itu permasalahannya!<br />
<br />
Pertanyaannya sekarang adalah...<br />
seandainya Anda mendapatkan kritikan,<br />
yang sakitnya melebihi tamparan, apa<br />
yang harus Anda lakukan?<br />
<br />
Jawabannya adalah...<br />
<br />
=> Nikmatilah setiap kritikan layaknya<br />
kue kegemaran kita!<br />
<br />
Mungkinkah? Mengapa tidak! :-)<br />
<br />
Kita mempunyai wewenang penuh untuk<br />
<strong>mengontrol perasaan</strong> kita.</div><div style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Berikut tips untuk Anda saat menghadapi</div><div style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0cm;">kritik:<br />
<br />
<strong>1. Ubah Paradigma Anda Terhadap Kritik</strong><br />
<br />
Anda, tidak sedikit orang yang jatuh<br />
hanya gara-gara kritik, meski tidak<br />
semua kritik itu benar dan perlu<br />
ditanggapi. Padahal, kritik menunjukkan<br />
adanya yang *masih peduli* kepada kita.<br />
<br />
Coba perhatikan perusahaan-perusahaan<br />
besar yang harus mengirimkan berbagai<br />
survey untuk mengetahui kelemahannya.<br />
<br />
Bayangkan jika Anda harus melakukan<br />
hal yang sama, mengeluarkan banyak uang<br />
hanya untuk mengetahui kekurangan<br />
Anda!<br />
<br />
Kritik merupakan kesempatan untuk<br />
koreksi diri. Tentu saja akan<br />
menyenangkan jika mengetahui secara<br />
langsung kekurangan kita, daripada<br />
sekedar menerima dampaknya, seperti<br />
dikucilkan misalnya.<br />
<br />
<strong>2. Cari tahu sudut pandang si pengkritik</strong><br />
<br />
Tidak ada salahnya mencari tahu detil<br />
kritik yang disampaikan. Anda bisa<br />
belajar dari mereka dan melakukan<br />
koreksi terhadap diri Anda. Bisa jadi<br />
kritik yang disampaikan benar adanya.<br />
<br />
Jika perlu, justru carilah orang yang<br />
mau memberikan kritik sekaligus saran<br />
kepada Anda. Tokh Anda tidak akan<br />
menjadi rendah dengan hal itu.<br />
<br />
Justru sebaliknya, pendapat orang bisa<br />
jadi membuka persepsi, wawasan, maupun<br />
paradigma baru yang mendukung goal<br />
Anda.<br />
<br />
<strong>3. Kritik tidak perlu dibalas dengan kritik!</strong><br />
<br />
Tanggapi kritik dengan bijak. Anda<br />
tidak perlu merasa marah atau<br />
memasukkannya ke dalam hati. Toh<br />
menyampaikan pendapat adalah hak semua<br />
orang.<br />
<br />
Nikmatilah apapun yang mereka<br />
sampaikan. Tidak ada ruginya untuk<br />
ringan dalam mema'afkan seseorang.<br />
Anggaplah semua itu untuk perbaikan<br />
yang menguntungkan Anda kelak.<br />
<br />
Jangan pernah Anda balas kritik dengan<br />
kritik. Karena hal ini hanya akan<br />
membuat perdebatan, menguras tenaga &<br />
pikiran. Tidak ada gunanya...<br />
<br />
<strong>4. Terimalah kritikan dengan senyuman.</strong> ^_^<br />
<br />
Ini semua bisa melatih mental kita agar<br />
bisa *tegar* menghadapi ujian yang<br />
lebih hebat di kemudian hari.<br />
<br />
Singkatnya, kita memang hanya layak<br />
dipuji jika sudah berani menerima<br />
kritikan. Meski tidak mudah, asah terus<br />
keberanian Anda untuk menikmati kritik<br />
layaknya menikmati kue Anda.<br />
<br />
Ingat, pujian dan apresiasi hanya akan<br />
datang apabila kita sudah melakukan</div><div style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">sesuatu yang berharga.<br />
<br />
So, jangan pernah bosan untuk memburu<br />
kritik, dan tanggapilah setiap kritik dengan<br />
lapang dada! :-)</div><div style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</div><div style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"></div><span style="color: blue;"><strong><a href="http://www.asianbrainhosting.com/" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://www.AsianBrainHosting.<wbr></wbr>com</a></strong></span><br />
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /><br />
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />Ahmad Fauzihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06150653241766913304noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1136719305228619701.post-58487442211666087062012-02-12T04:42:00.000-08:002012-02-12T04:43:42.391-08:00manfaat dan macam-macam garam<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">A.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Manfaat Garam<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: .25in;">Menurut Salt Institute, garam memiliki 14.000 manfaat. Mungkin selama ini kita hanya mengetahui garam sebagai bumbu yang digunakan dalam masakan. Selain sebagai bumbu masakan, berikut beberapa manfaat yang bisa kita dapatkan dari garam:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">a.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span>Sebagai Bahan Poles<span style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">Dengan mencampurkan garam dan cuka, maka dapat digunakan untuk mengkilapkan benda-benda yang terbuat dari perak dan tembaga.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">b.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span>Pembersih Pipa Saluran</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">Air panas yang diberi garam dengan perbandingan seimbang dapat melarutkan endapan minyak yang ada pada pipa saluran. Selain itu, campuran ini dapat menghilangkan bau tak sedap dan dapat memperpanjang umur pipa saluran.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">c.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Membebaskan kaca dari embun<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">Pada musim hujan seperti saat ini, kaca mobil atau kaca jendela rumah kita akan mengembun karena udara yang dingin. Untuk mencegahnya, usapkan spon atau lap yang telah dibasahi cairan garam pada kaca, kemudian keringkan. Hal ini akan mencegah pengembunan.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">d.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Pembasmi Gulma<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: .25in;">Campuran garam dan air panas dengan perbandingan 1:3 dapat dituang langsung ke atas gulma untuk membasminya.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">e.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Sebagai obat-obatan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">Berkumur dengan larutan garam ternyata dapat meredakan sakit gigi yang kita derita loh. Selain itu, garam juga bisa digunakan untuk mengatasi diare, contohnya oralit. Garam atau NaCl juga terdapat dalam cairan infus.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">f.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Untuk kecantikan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">Dalam shampo dan sabun yang kita gunakan juga terdapat kandungan NaCl. Mineral –mineral yang terkandung dalam garam juga sangat bermanfaat untuk menjaga kulit kita tetap bersih dengan menggunakan garam mandi yang sudah banyak dijual.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">g.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span>Pemadam Kebakaran</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">Dalam keadaan darurat, kita bisa menggunakan garam untuk memadamkan api yang disebabkan minyak. Tapi garam hanya untuk cadangan saja, jangan lupa untuk tetap menyediakan pemadam kebakaran yang sebenarnya.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">B.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span>Macam-macam Garam</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">a.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span>Yodium / Iodium / I</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">Zat mineral yodium biasanya terdapat pada garam dapur yang tersedia bebas di pasaran, namun tidak semua jenis dan merk garam dapur mengandung yodium. Yodium berperan penting untuk membantu perkembangan kecerdasan atau kepandaian pada anak. Yodium juga dapat membatu mencegah penyakit gondok, gondong atau gondongan. Yodium berfungsi untuk membentuk zat tirosin yang terbentuk pada kelenjar tiroid.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">b.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span>Phospor / Fosfor / P</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: .25in;">Fosfor berfungsi untuk pembentukan tulang dan membentuk gigi.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">c.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span>Cobalt / Kobal / Kobalt / Co</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">Cobalt memiliki fungsi untuk membentuk pembuluh darah serta pembangun B.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">d.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span>Chlor / Klor / Cl</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">Chlor digunakan tubuh kita untuk membentuk HCl atau asam klorida pada lambung. HCl memiliki kegunaan membunuh kuman bibit penyakit dalam lambung dan juga mengaktifkan pepsinogen menjadi pepsin.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">e.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span>Magnesium / Mg</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">Fungsi atau kegunaan dari magnesium adalah sebagai zat yang membentuk sel darah merah berupa zat pengikat oksigen dan hemoglobin.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">f.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span>Mangaan / Mangan / Mn</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">Mangaan berfungsi untuk mengatur pertumbuhan tubuh kita dan sistem reproduksi.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">g.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span>Tembaga / Cuprum / Cu</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">Tembaga pada tubuh manusia berguna sebagai pembentuk hemo globin pada sel darah merah.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">h.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span>Kalsium / Calcium / Ca</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">Kalsium atau disebut juga zat kapur adalah zat mineral yang mempunyai fungsi dalam membentuk tulang dan gigi serta memiliki peran dalam vitalitas otot pada tubuh.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">i.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span>Kalium / K</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">Kalium kita butuhkan sebagai pembentuk aktivitas otot jantung.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">j.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span>Zincum / Zinc / Seng / Zn</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">Seng oleh tubuh manusia dibutuhkan untuk membentuk enzim dan hormon penting. Selain itu zinc juga berfungsi sebagai pemelihara beberapa jenis enzim, hormon dan aktifitas indera pengecap atau lidah kita.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">k.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span>Sulfur atau Belerang</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">Zat ini memiliki andil dalam membentuk protenin di dalam tubuh.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">l.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span>Natrium / Na</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">Natrium adalah zat mineral yang kita andalkan sebagai pembentuk faram di dalam tubuh dan sebagai penghantar impuls dalam serabut syaraf dan tekanan osmosis pada sel yang menjaga keseimbangan cairan sel dengan cairan yang ada di sekitarnya.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">m.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span>Flour / F</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">Flour berperan untuk pembentuk lapisan email gigi yang melindungi dari segala macam gangguan pada gigi.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b>SUMBER:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Buku Panduan Pembuatan Garam Bermutu dicetak oleh Badan Riset Kelautan dan Perikanan Pusat Riset Wilayah Laut dan Sumberdaya Nonhayati<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.ubb.ac.id/menulengkap.php?judul=Macam,%20Jenis,%20Manfaat%20dan%20Bahaya%20Garam&&nomorurut_artikel=255">http://www.ubb.ac.id/menulengkap.php?judul=Macam,%20Jenis,%20Manfaat%20dan%20Bahaya%20Garam&&nomorurut_artikel=255</a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.dluvux.co.cc/2009/11/manfaat-garam.html">http://www.dluvux.co.cc/2009/11/manfaat-garam.html</a></div>Ahmad Fauzihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06150653241766913304noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1136719305228619701.post-86310592447984386882011-08-13T22:51:00.000-07:002011-08-13T22:51:55.239-07:00Keadaan Hormon Masa Remaja<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"></span><br />
<div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;">Masa remaja adalah masa peralihan yang membuat sebagian besar orang mengalami krisis mental yang sangat labil. Ketidakseimbangan hormon adalah penyebabnya. Jangan dulu senewen lihat remaja yang labil karena memang hormonnya sedang tidak mau diganggu.</div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">Saat remaja terjadi perubahan hormon yang drastis yang membuat gejolak di dalam tubuhnya. Perubahan hormon yang belum stabil ini membuat remaja gampang mengalami krisis mental yang berdampak besar pada mood (suasana hati) dan perilaku remaja.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">Sekarang ini, gejala ketidakseimbangan hormon pada remaja menjadi sangat umum. Hal ini disebabkan beberapa alasan yang menyebabkan hormonal pasang dan surut secara drastis.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">Remaja saat ini lebih banyak terkena bahan kimia dibandingkan remaja zaman dulu, bahkan hingga ratusan bahan kimia. Bahan kimia ini tidak hanya berasal dari lingkungan yang tercemar, tetapi juga sebagai pengawet, pewarna makanan serta bumbu makanan dan minuman.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">Bahan kimia juga hadir dalam bentuk pestisida pada buah-buahan dan sayuran, plastik, produk kecantikan, dan lainnya, yang masuk ke sistem tubuh sehingga menyebabkan banyak masalah hormonal. Remaja sekarang cenderung lebih sukan makan junk food daripada harus makan makanan seimbang dan makanan segar.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">Penyebab lain gejala ketidakseimbangan hormon pada remaja adalah stres. Dengan tekanan yang ada di rumah, persaingan di sekolah dan persaingan antar teman membuat remaja berada di bawah tekanan dan stres. Stres ini menyebabkan naik turunnya sekresi hormon dalam tubuh remaja, yang akhirnya menyebabkan ketidakseimbangan.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">Stres juga menempatkan tekanan tambahan pada kelenjar adrenal yang mengatur hormon dalam tubuh. Kelenjar ini terganggu oleh tingkat stres yang menyebabkan ketidakseimbangan hormon. Ketidakseimbangan ini menyebabkan beberapa masalah emosional serta fisik lainnya yang berkaitan dengan hormon pada remaja.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">Apa jadinya bila hormon remaja tidak seimbang?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">Kelenjar adrenal menghasilkan sejumlah besar kortisol yang menurunkan produksi progesteron. Hal ini menyebabkan retensi lemak yang menyebabkan banyak remaja mendapatkan berat badan berlebih dan meningkatkan peluang obesitas remaja.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">Salah satu gejala ketidakseimbangan hormon yang paling umum pada remaja adalah mudah tersinggung. Gejalanya mencakup beberapa perubahan perilaku serta fisik pada remaja. Gejala ini hilang setelah tubuh menyesuaikan perubahan hormon tersebut. Namun, jika gejala-gejala ketidakseimbangan hormon pada remaja terus terjadi untuk waktu yang lama, maka diperlukan perhatian medis.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">Gejala lain bila remaja mengalami ketidakseimbangan hormon adalah sebagai berikut:</span><br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">1.Sering sakit kepala dan migrain</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">2.Depresi, kebingungan, kecemasan dan pikiran ingin bunuh diri</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"></span><br />
<div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><br />
</div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"></span><br />
<div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">3.Sakit punggung</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">4.Serangan asma</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">5.Perut kembung</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">6.Kram perut</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">7.Sikap agresif dan mudah marah</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">8.Jerawat</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">9.Emosi naik turun</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">10.Mual</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">11.Kejang</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">12.Masalah sinus</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">13.Memar</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">14.Perubahan gairah seks</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">15.Pola tidur berlebihan, insomnia kelelahan dan lesu</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">16.Suka makan makanan yang garam dan manis.</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">Apa yang harus dilakukan?</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">Bila ketidakseimbangan hormon terjadi dalam waktu lama, bisa dilakukan terapi hormon. Hormon progesteron dapat sangat meningkatkan keseimbangan hormon secara keseluruhan. Progesteron membantu menyeimbangkan pengaruh ketidakseimbangan hormon, dan memiliki efek menenangkan pada sistem saraf.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">Selain terapi hormon, ada beberapa hal yang juga harus diperhatikan bila remaja menunjukkan gejala ketidakseimbangan hormon, yaitu:</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"></span><br />
<div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><br />
</div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"></span><br />
<div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">1.Makan dengan pola makan seimbang, kurangi junk food dan mulailah hari dengan sarapan sehat</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">2.Banyak minum air putih</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">3.Kurangi minum soda dan minuman yang manis-manis</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">4.Rutin olahraga</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">5.Mendapatkan sinar matahari yang cukup pada tubuh setiap hari, terutama sinar matahari pagi sebelum jam 10 dan sore setelah jam 3.</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">6.Tidur yang cukup dengan ruangan yang gelap. Matikan televisi, komputer dan gadget sebelum tidur.</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">7.Perhatikan bahan kimia yang terdapat pada produk perawatan pribadi, seperti untuk perawatan kulit dan rambut</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">8.Waspada terhadap bahaya klorin dan fluoride</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">9.Cobalah untuk tidak makan atau minum dari kemasan plastik</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">10.Tidak merokok, minum alkohol atau menggunakan obat-obatan terlarang</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">11.Dukungan penuh dari keluarga sangat diperlukan untuk menjaga keseimbangan hormon remaja</span></div>Ahmad Fauzihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06150653241766913304noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1136719305228619701.post-33608265123529456372011-08-13T08:56:00.000-07:002011-08-13T08:57:27.073-07:00Laporan praktikum pemisahan dan pemurnian<br />
<div class="WordSection1"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB II</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">TINJAUAN PUSTAKA</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Cara atau teknik pemisahan campuran bergantung pada jenis, wujud, dan sifat komponen yang tekandung didalamya. Jika komponen penyusun campuran berwujud padat dan cair misalnya pasir dan air, dapat dipisahkan dengan saringan. Saringan ada bermacam-macam jenisnya, mulai yang berpori besar sampai dengan yang sangat halus. Contohnya kertas saring dan selaput (membran) semipermeabel. Kertas saring dipakai untuk memisahkan endapan dari pelarut (larutan). Selaput semipemeabel dipakai untuk memisahkan suatu koloid dari pelarutnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Ada beberapa yang lazim digunakan untuk memisahkan dan memurnikan campuran dari pengotornya antara lain : ekstraksi, kristalisasi dan rekristalisasi, kromatografi, destilasi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> A. Ekstraksi </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Cara ini banyak digunakan dalam pemisahan dan didasarkan pada kelarutan suatu zat dalam suatu zat pelarut dibandingkan dengan pelarut yang lain . Kedalam suatu campuran ditambahkan pelarut yang mempunyai kemampuan melarutkan lebih besar dalam melarutkan senyawa yang dinginkan , tetapi pelarut ini tidak bercampur dengan pelarut sebelumnya . </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Misalnya campuran dua komponen (misal A dan B) dimasukan kedalam pelarut X dan Y . Syaratnya kedua pelarut ini tidak dapat bercampur , seperti air dan minyak semuanya dimasukan kedalam corong pipa yang dikocok agar bercampur sempurna dan kemudian didiamkan sampai pelarut X dan Y mamisah kembali . Kini zat A dan B berada dalam kedua pelarut X dan Y tetapi perbandinganya tidak sama . Jika pemisahan dilakukan berulang-ulang maka A dan B akan terpisah makin sempurna.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Sering kali campuran bahan padat dan cair (misalnya bahan alami) tidak dapat atau sukar sekali dipisahkan dengan metode pemisahan mekanis atau termis. Misalnya saja karena komponennya saling bercampur secara sangat erat, peka terhadap panas, beda sifat-sifat fisiknya terlalu kecil, atau tersedia dalam konsentrasi yang terlalu rendah. Dalam hal semacam itu, sering kali ekstraksi adalah satu-satunya proses yang dapat digunakan atau yang mungkin paling ekonomis. Adapun factor-faktor yang mempengaruhi laju ekstraksi antara lain: tipe persiapan sampel, waktu ekstraksi, kuantitas pelarut, suhu pelarut dan tipe pelarut.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Ekstraksi dapat dilakukan berulang-ulang untuk kesempurnaan ekstraksi. Kemudian pelarut yang bersangkutan dipisahkan dengan destilasi. Ekstraksi dapat dilakukan terhadap zat padat maupun zat cair.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">B. Kristalisasi dan Rekristalisasi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Kristalisasi merupakan proses untuk mmperoleh padatan dari larutannya melalui proses penguapan . Untuk lebih memurnikan padatan yang diperoleh dapat dilakukan rekristalisasi dengan menggunakan pelarut yang sesuai .</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Teknik pemisahan dengan rekristalisasi berdasarkan perbedaan titik beku komponenya . Perbedaan itu harus cukup besar dan sebaiknya komponen yang dipisahkan berwujud padat dan yang lainnya cair pada suhu kamar . Contohnya garam dapat dipisahkan dari air karena garam merupaan padatan . Air garam bila dipanaskan perlahan dalam bejana terbuka , maka air akan menguap sedikit . Pemanasan dihentikan saat larutan tepat jenuh .Jika dibiarkan akhirnya terbentuk kristal garam secara perlahan-lahan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">C. Kromatografi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Kromatografi merupakan cara paling modern dalam pemisahan dan pemurnian . Cara ini didasarkan pada perbedaan kemampuan fase gerak untuk mmbawa zat larut dalam fase diam . Tiap-tiap zat larut mempunyai laju yang berbeda dalam fase diam terhadap fase gerak yang sama.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Pada kromatografi, komponen-komponenya akan dipisahkan antara dua buah fase yaitu fase diam dan fase gerak. Fase diam akan menahan komponen campuran sedangkan fase gerak akan melarutkan zat komponen campuran. Komponen yang mudah tertahan pada fase diam akan tertinggal. Sedangkan komponen yang mudah larut dalam fase gerak akan bergerak lebih cepat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Cara ini dipakai jika campuran tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan cara lain .Cairan atau pelarut yang membawa komponen bergerak disebut eluen atau fase bergerak sedangkan padatan yang menyerap komponen disebut adsorben atau fase tetap.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Komponen yang diserap paling kuat oleh adsorben akan mengalir paling lambat dan sebaliknya yang diserap paling lemah akan mengalir paling cepat. Semakin lama [roses mengalir semakin jauh jarak antara komponen dan semakin sempurna pemisahan. Komponen dapat dipisahkan dari komponen lain dengan mendorong adsorben keluar dan dipotong berdasarkan komponennya. Komponen dapat dipisahkan dari pelarut dengan teknik destilasi atau rekristalisasi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Berdasarkan jenisnya kromatografi dapat dibagi menjadi empat cara, yaitu kromatografi kolom, kertas, lempeng tipis, dan gas. Kromatografi kolom adalah kromatografi yang adsorbennya dimasukkan kedalam tabung kaca. Adsorben tersebut berupa padatan dalam bentuk tepung. Setelah pemisahan, masing-masing komponen terdapat di daerah tertentu dalam tabung. Kromatografi kertas adalah jenis kromatografi yang menggunakan kertas sebagai adsorbennya dan zat cair sebagai eluennya. Campuran komponen diteteskan pada kertas kromatografi dengan pipet kecil kemudian kertas terus dicelupkan dengan hati-hati, sampai garis yang dibuat sebelumya tidak terbenam. Kertas digantung supaya stabil dan dibiarkan agar eluennya naik perlahan sambil membawa komponen yang terdapat pada kertas. Akhirnya akan terlihat komponen yang terpisah satu sama lain karena perbedaan daya serap kertas.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">D. Destilasi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Destilasi adalah proses memisahkan dua atau lebih komponen cairan yang mempunyai titik didih berbeda . Cara ini didasarkan pada perbedaan titik didih komponen-komponennya,dimana komponen yang mempunyai titik didih lebih rendah akan terpisah lebih dahulu. Destilasi sering digunakan dalam proses isolasi komponen, pemekatan larutan, dan juga pemurnian komponen cair. Jika campuran dipanaskan maka komponen yang titik didihnya lebih rendah akan menguap atau terpisah lebih dahulu . Misalnya untuk memisahkan dan memurnikan etanol dari air digunakan destilasi, dimana etanol mempunyai titik didih 78<sup>0</sup>C akan menguap dam mengembun setelah mengalami pendinginan. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Proses destilasi didahului dengan penguapan senyawa cair dengan pemanasan dengan dilanjutkan dengan pengembunan uap yang terbentuk dan ditampung dalam wadah yang terpisah untuk mendapatkan distilat. Dasar proses destilasi adalah dasar kesetimbangan senyawa volatil antara fase cair dan fase uap. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Pemisahan menggunakan destilasi sederhana seringkali tidak memuaskan karena metode tersebut dikembangkan dengan suatu kolom fraksinasi diantara labu didih (labu bundar) dan kleisen (still head) dalam perangkat destilasi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Pengaruh dari penambahan kolom fraksinasi akan mempersingkat beberapa pekerjaan pemisahan dari destilasi biasa hanya menjadi satu pekerjaan. Metode baru ini dikenal sebagai destilasi fraksional (pada pemisahan fraksi-fraksi minyak bumi), kolom fraksinasi mengandung beberapa plate yang setiap plate ekuvalen dengan satu kali destilasi biasa. Semakin banyak plate semakin baik suatu pemisahan komponen.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Destilasi terhadap dua campuran senyawa organic dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan sebagai berikut : setelah pengotor dengan titik didih yang lebih rendah ditampung di dalam labu penerima, labu penerima harus segera diganti dengan yang baru untuk destilat senyawa dengan titik didih dengan yang lebih tinggi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Bila campuran mengandung lebih dari dua, maka penguapan dan pengembunan dilakukan bertahap sesuai dengan jumlah komponen, dimulai dari titik didih yang lebih rendah. Akan tetapi, pemiasahan campuran ini sulit dan biasanya hasil yang didapat sedikit tercampur komponen lain yang titik didihnya saling berdekatan.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB III</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">METODE DAN TEKNIK</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>I.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Alat dan bahan </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Alat-alat yang digunakan dalam percobaan ini adalah :</span></div></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" /> </span> <br />
<div class="WordSection2"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Alat destilasi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5 buah gelas kimia</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1 buah gelas ukur</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hotplate</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1 buah penjepit kayu</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">6.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1 buah pipet tetes</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1 buah rak tabung reaksi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">8.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3 buah tabung reaksi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">9.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1 buah spatula</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">10.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1 buah corong</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">11.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1 buah batang pengaduk</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">12.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1 buah cawan penguapan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">13.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1 buah kaca arloji</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">14.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Neraca digital</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">15.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1 buah penggaris</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" /> </span> <br />
<div class="WordSection3"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bahan-bahan yang diperlukan dalam pecobaan ini adalah :</span></div></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" /> </span> <br />
<div class="WordSection4"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5 gram CuSO<sub>4</sub></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kristal I<sub>2</sub></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7,5 ml KI</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4 ml heksana</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Air (akuades)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">6.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Methanol </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2 gram garam dapur kotor</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">8.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3 buah kertas kromatografi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">9.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4 buah kertas saring</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">10.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3 buah spidol warna (hitam, biru, dengan hijau)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">11.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Lidi </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>II.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Prosedur kerja</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">A.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekstraksi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada percobaan ini dipelajari bagaiman pemisahan I<sub>2</sub> dari larutannya dengan pelarut heksana:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengambil 3 tabung reaksi dan memberi label I, II, III.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengisi tabung reaksi I dengan 7,5 ml larutan KI dan menambahkan sebutir Kristal I<sub>2</sub>, mengocok larutan hingga larut dan mengamati warna larutannya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Memindahkan 5 ml larutan dari tabung I ke dalam tabung II, menambahkan 2 ml heksana dan mengocok, mendiamkan sampai terbentuk 2 lapisan, mengamati warna larutan yang terjadi. Membandingkan warna larutan bagian atas dari tabung II dengan warna larutan dari tabung I .</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Memindahkan lagi separuh separuh dari larutan bagian atas tabung II kedalam tabung III, menambahkan lagi 2 ml heksana, mengocok dan mendiamkan, mengamati warna larutan yang terjadi, membandingkan dengan tabung II.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menyimpulkan percobaan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">B.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kristalisasi dan rekristalisasi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada percobaan ini akan mempelajari bagaimana memperoleh garam dapur bersih dari garam dapur kotordan memurnikan CuSO<sub>4</sub> melalui kristalisasi dan rekristalisasi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Melarutkan 25 gram garam dapur kotor kedalam 10 ml aquades dalam gelas kimia (jika belum larut menambahkan air).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menyaring larutan garam tersebut beberapa kali dengan kertas saring (membasahi kertas saring sebelum digunakan). Menguapkan filtratnya hingga kering.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Membandingkan kristal garam dengan garam sebelumnya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Melarutka 5 gram CuSO<sub>4</sub> dengan 25 ml aquades. Menguapkan larutan hingga volumenya kurang dari 15 ml, menyaring dan mendinginkan sampai terbentuk Kristal. (jika pada pendinginan ini belum terbentuk Kristal, maka mendiamkan selama 1 malam).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Membandingkan Kristal yang terbentuk dengan Kristal sebelumnya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">C.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kromatografi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada percobaan ini akan melihat bagaimana komponen warna dari spidol dipisahkan dengan kromatografi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengukur 1 cm dari kertas kromatografi , dan menotolkan spidol yang tersedia.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menjepit ujung kertas yang lain dengan lidi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mencelupkan kertas sedemikian , hingga totolan spidol tidak terendam air, dan melakukan kromatografi hingga pelarut mencapai ujung kertas.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengamati pemisahan warna yang terjadi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">D.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Destilasi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Merangkai alat destilasi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Memasang alat destilasi pada kondensor dan meletakkan di atas pemanas (hotplate).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Memasukkan campuran ethanol dan methanol dengan perbandingan volume 1 : 2 pada labu didih (labu bundar).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Memanaskan alat destilasi dengan kondensor.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengalirkan air akuades pada alat destilasi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">6.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengatur secara cermat suhu campuran.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengamati larutan yang terlabih dahulu menetes pada labu penerima (labu destilat) dan mencatat suhunnya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">8.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Memasukkan dalam lembar pengamatan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB IV</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1. Hasil Pengamatan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">A. Ekstraksi</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.1pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tabung</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 212.65pt;" valign="top" width="284"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Perlakuan</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 204.05pt;" valign="top" width="272"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hasil Pengamatan</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.1pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">I</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">II</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">III</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 212.65pt;" valign="top" width="284"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7,5 ml KI + sebutir Kristal I<sub>2</sub>, dikocok, diamati warnanya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5 ml larutan tabung I + 2 ml heksana, dikocok, didiamkan, diamati, dibandingkan pada tabung I.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Seperempat larutan dari tabung II + 2 ml heksana, dikocok, didiamkan, dibandingkan dengan tabung II.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 204.05pt;" valign="top" width="272"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Larutan berwarna merah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Setelah dibandingkan warna larutan tabung I lebih tua daripada warna larutan tabung II.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Setelah dibandingkan warna larutan tabung II lebih tua daripada larutan tabung III.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">B. Kristalisasi dan Rekristalisasi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> 1. Garam dapur kotor</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.1pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">No.</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 212.65pt;" valign="top" width="284"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Perlakuan</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 204.05pt;" valign="top" width="272"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hasil Pengamatan</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.1pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 212.65pt;" valign="top" width="284"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mencampurkan 2 gram garam kotor + 10 ml air.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menyaring larutan dengan kertas saring beberapa kali.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menguapkan larutan garam (filtrat) hingga terbentuk kembali kristal garam.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Membandingkan Kristal garam yang terbentuk dengan Kristal garam sebelumya (garam kotor).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 204.05pt;" valign="top" width="272"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Larutan garam terlihat keruh.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Larutan garam terlihat lebih jernih.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Terbentuk Kristal garam yang lebih bersih daripada Kristal garam sebelumnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kristal garam yang disaring dan diuapkan lebih bersih dan lebih halus daripada Kristal garam sebelumnya (garam kotor).</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 14.2pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> 2. Kristal CuSO4</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.1pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">No.</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 212.65pt;" valign="top" width="284"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Perlakuan</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 204.05pt;" valign="top" width="272"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hasil Pengamatan</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.1pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 212.65pt;" valign="top" width="284"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Melarutkan 5 gram CuSO<sub>4</sub> + 25 ml air.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menguapkan larutan CuSO<sub>4</sub> hingga volumenya kurang dari 15 ml.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menyaring larutan CuSO<sub>4</sub> dengan kertas saring hingga beberapa kali.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 204.05pt;" valign="top" width="272"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Larutan terlihat berwarna biru muda.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Warna larutan berubah menjadi biru tua keruh setelah dipanaskan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Terdapat Kristal CuSO<sub>4</sub> pada kertas saring yang warnanya lebih tua (biru tua) daripada Kristal CuSO<sub>4</sub> sebelumnya.</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 14.2pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">C. Kromatografi</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.1pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">No.</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 212.65pt;" valign="top" width="284"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Perlakuan</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 204.05pt;" valign="top" width="272"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hasil Pengamatan</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.1pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">6.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">8.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 212.65pt;" valign="top" width="284"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengukur kertas saring 1 cm dari ujung kertas.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menotolkan spidol warna biru di tengah-tengah garis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengisi gelas kimia dengan akudes secukupnya, tidak melebihi 1 cm.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menjepit kertas saring yang sudah ditotoli spidol dengan lidi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Memasukkan kertas saring ke dalam gelas kimia.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengulangi perlakuan 1-5 dengan kertas saring, spidol, dan gelas kimia yang berbeda.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mendiamkan kertas saring hingga akuades merembes naik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengamati dan mengukur pemisahan warna yang terjadi pada kertas saring.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 204.05pt;" valign="top" width="272"><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 54.75pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="position: relative; z-index: 251668480;"><span style="height: 27px; left: 4px; position: absolute; top: -2px; width: 59px;"></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="position: relative; z-index: 251669504;"><span style="height: 64px; left: 11px; position: absolute; top: -2px; width: 208px;"><br />
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Akuades meresap di kertas saring dan mulai mengenai totolan spidol.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengamati perubahan yang terjadi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Terjadi penguraian warna.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">biru menjadi ungu (9 cm), biru muda (9,9 cm)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hijau menjadi kuning (9,7 cm), hijau (10,1 cm), biru muda (10,5 cm)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kuning menjadi kuning (11 cm)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Merah menjadi merah muda (8,5 cm), merah (9,2 cm), jingga (9,5 cm), kuning (10 cm)</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2. Pembahasan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">A. Ekstraksi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 56.7pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Ekstraksi adalah teknik pemisahan dan pemurnian yang didasarkan pada kelarutan suatu zat dalam pelarut yang mempunyai kemampuan melarutkan lebih besar dalam melarutkan senyawa yang diinginkan dan pelarut ini tidak bercampur dengan pelarut yang sebelumnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 56.7pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Adapun syarat-syarat pelarut untuk ekstraksi antara lain :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 56.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Beda polaritas antara solvent (pelarut) dan solute (zat terlarut) kecil.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 56.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Titik didih rendah.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 56.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mudah menguap.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 56.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak berbahaya, tidak beracun, tidak mudah meledak atau terbakar.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 56.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Inert, atau tidak bereaksi dengan solute (zat terlarut).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Pada percobaan 7,5 ml larutan KI ditambah Kristal I<sub>2</sub>, dan campuran dari keduanya ini menghasilkan larutan berwarna. Sebagian dari larutan ini (5 ml) dicampur dengan pelarut yang lain yaitu heksana. Ketika kedua bahan ini dicampurkan, tidak terbentuk dua lapisan yaitu lapisan pelarut dan zat terlarut. Akan tetapi warna larutan berubah menjadi merah yang lebih tua daripada larutan tabung I. kemudian seperempat larutan dari tabung II ini ditambahkan lagi dengan 2 ml hksana dan warna larutan menjadi lebih tua lagi daripada larutan tabung II. Hal ini terjadi karena konsentrasi heksana dalam larutan semakin tiggi sehingga prose ekstraksi ini dapat terjadi dengan baik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Yang perlu diperhatikan lagi dalam proses ekstraksi adalah apabila kita ingin melakukan ekstraksi, terlebih dahulu kita harus mengetahui sifat-sifat pelarut yang kita pakai. Apabila suatu pelarut bersifat polar maka pelarut lainnya harus bersifat non polar, begitu pula sebaliknya. Hal ini bertujuan agar kedua pelarut tidak bercampur menjadi satu.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 14.2pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">B. Kristalisasi dan Rekristalisasi </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Pada percobaan mengenai pemisahan dan pemurnian dengan cara kristalisasi dan rekristalisasi dengan melarutkan 2 gram garam dapur kotor dalam 10 ml air sehingga terbentuk larutan garam yang berwarna keruh. Larutan garam ini disaring dengan kertas saring beberapa kali. Pada kertas saring terlihat pengotor (residu) yang telah terpisah dari larutan garam, sehingga larutan garam hasil penyaringan (filtrat) tampak lebih jernih daripada sebelumnya. Filtrat ini kemudian diuapkan hingga kering dengan pemanas (hot plate) dan pada akhirnya terbentuk kembali Kristal garam yang lebih bersih dan lebih halus daripada Kristal garam sebelumnya (garam kotor). Pada dasarnya proses ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh padatan (Kristal garam) dari larutan melalui proses penguapan berdasarkan perbedaan titik beku Kristal garam yang larut dalam air dapat dipisahkan dengan air yang merupakan pelarutnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Dalam hal ini dapat dilihat bahwa pada proses penyaringan larutan garam sangat menentukan hasil akhir dari proses pemurnian garam ini sendiri yaitu dengan cara kristalisasi dan rekristalisasi. Larutan garam yang telah melalui proses penyaringan (filtrasi), penguapan (rekristalisasi), hingga terbentuk kembali Kristal garam murni yang bebas dari pengotor.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Pada percobaan kedua, yaitu dengan melarutkan 5 gram CuSO<sub>4</sub> dalam 25 ml air sehingga terbentuk larutan CuSO<sub>4</sub> yang berwarna biru muda. Larutan ini kemudian diuapkan dengan menggunakan pemanas (hot plate) hingga volume yang tersisa kurang dari 15 ml. Ketika proses pemanasan ini, warna larutan berubah menjadi biru tua dan agak keruh. Kemudian larutan ini disaring beberapa kali dengan kertas saring hingga terbentuk kembali Kristal CuSO<sub>4</sub> yang warnanya lebih tua daripada Kristal CuSO<sub>4</sub> sebelumnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Dalam proses pemurnian Kristal CuSO<sub>4</sub> ini, proses penyaringan dan penguapan larutannya sangat menetukan hasil akhir dari pembentukan kembali Kristal CuSO<sub>4</sub> itu sendiri. Kedua proses ini dilakukan untuk menghilangkan pengotor sehingga pada akhirnya akan terbentuk Kristal CuSO<sub>4</sub> yang murni.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">C. Kromatografi </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Pada percobaan mengenai pemisahan dan pemurnian dengan cara kromatografi yaitu dengan menggunakan kertas kromatografi yang sebelumnya telah diberi totolan spidol dengan jarak 1 cm dari ujung kertas kromatografi. Kemudian kertas ini dicelupkan ke dalam air sedemikian hingga totolan spidol tidak terendam air.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Ketika air mulai diserap oleh kertas kromatografi dan naik mengenai totolan spidol, maka warna spidol itu terurai menjadi komponen-komponen warna penyusunnya. Kemudian kertasnya dikeringkan, setelah kering dilakukan pengukuran panjang penguraian warnanya. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Pada totolan spidol warna biru terurai menjadi warna ungu dengan panjang 9 cm, biru muda dengan panjang 9,9 cm. Pada totolan spidol warna hijau terurai menjadi warna kuning dengan panjang 9,7 cm, hijau dengan panjang 10,1 cm, dan biru muda dengan panjang 10,5 cm. Pada totolan spidol warna kuning terurai menjadi warna kuning saja dengan panjang 11 cm. Dan pada totolan terakhir, yaitu pada warna merah terurai menjadi warna merah muda dengan panjang 8,5 cm, merah dengan panjang 9,2 cm, jingga dengan panjang 9,5 cm, dan kuning dengan panjang 10 cm.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Dalam hal ini dapat dilihat perbedaan-perbedaan panjang penguraian komponen warna. Ini terjadi karena perbedaan kemampuan fase gerak (air) membawa zat terlarut (komponen warna) dalam fase diam (kertas kromatografi). Pemisahan komponen-komponen warna ini juga disebabkan oleh perbedaan daya serapnya pada kertas. Disini juga terlihat bahwa komponen-komponen warna akan terpisah satu sama lain berdasarkan daya serapnya pada kertas. Percobaan ini membuktikan bahwa sebuah warna mempunyai komponen-komponen warna penyusunnya yang lain. Penguraian warna ini terjadi sebagai akibat dari proses pemurnian dengan kromatografi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">D. Destilasi </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Pada percobaan mengenai pemisahan dan pemurnian dengan cara destilasi yaitu dengan mencampurkan ethanol dan methanol dengan perbandingan volume 1 : 2, dengan sebelumnya terlebih dahulu telah dipersiapkan perangkaian alat destilasi. Kemudian campuran ethanol dengan methanol dimasukkan ke dalam labu didih (labu destilasi atau labu bundar) dan kemudia dipanaskan dengan pemanas (hot plate) dan air juga mulai dialirkan melalui selang pipa kondensor.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Dengan mengatur suhu secara cermat, pada saat suhu campuran mencapai 64<sup>0</sup>C, methanol akan mulai menguap (titik didih methanol sama dengan 64<sup>0</sup>C) dan uapnya akan mengalir pada pipa kondensor, kemudian mengalami pengembunan hingga akhirnya terbentuk methanol murni di dalam labu penerima (labu destilat). Proses ini akan terus berlangsung hingga methanol habis dalam campuran dan yang tersisa di dalam labu didih hanya ethanol (titik didih air sama dengan 78<sup>0</sup>C).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Apabila kita juga menginginkan pemurnian ethanol, maka gantilah labu penyaringan (labu destilat) dengan yang baru atau dengan memindahkan methanol murni yang telah terbentuk ke tempat lain sehingga labu destilatnya dapat kembali digunakan untuk proses pemurnian. Ethanol yang tertinggal dalam labu didih terus dipanaskan hingga suhunya melebihi 64<sup>0</sup>C (titik didih methanol) dan tepat mencapai 78<sup>0</sup>C sehingga terjadi penguapan. Uap ethanol akan mengalir melalui pipa kondensor dan mengalami pengembunan sehingga akhirnya terbentuklah ethanol murni hasil destilasi yang tertampung di dalam labu destilat. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Pada proses destilasi campuran methanol dan ethanol, methanol lebih dahulu menguap dan terbentuk di dalam labu penerima. Hal ini terjadi karena titik didih methanol (64<sup>0</sup>C) jauh lebih rendah daripada titik didih ethanol (78<sup>0</sup>C) sehingga methanol lebih dahulu mengalami penguapan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Pada saat proses destilasi, penangas minyak sangat diperlukan karena berfungsi menjaga suhu campuran ethanol dan methanol tetap stabil. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">BAB V</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">KESIMPULAN </span></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></b>1. Kesimpulan<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Berdasarkan percobaan dan pengamatan yang telah kami lakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">D</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">estilasi adalah teknik pemisahan dan pemurnian yang didasarkan pada perbedaan titik didih komponen-komponen cairnya. Komponen yang memiliki titik didih yang lebih rendah akan mengalami proses penguapan terlebih dahulu.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada proses destilasi campuran ethanol dan methanol dengan perbandingan 1 : 2, methanol dengan titik didih 64<sup>0</sup>C terlebih dahulu mengalami penguapan daripada ethanol yang memiliki titik didih 78<sup>0</sup>C, sehingga pada akhirnya terbentuk methanol murni sebagai hasil dari destilasi ini.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kristalisasi dan rekristalisasi adalah teknik pemisahan dan pemurnian yang didasarkan pada perbedaan titik beku komponen-komponennya yang melalui proses penguapan, sehingga diperoleh padatan dari larutan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada proses kristalisasi dan rekristalisasi garam dapur kotor, terbentuk Kristal garam murni yang lebih bersih (bebas dari pengotor) dan lebih halus setelah mengalami proses penyaringan (filtrasi) dan penguapan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada proses kristalisasi dan rekristalisasi CuSO<sub>4</sub>, terbentuk kristal CuSO<sub>4</sub> murni yang warnanya lebih tua daripada sebelumnya dan bebas dari pengotor setelah mengalami proses penyaringan (filtrasi) dan penguapan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">6.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kromatografi adalah teknik pemisahan dan pemurnian yang didasarkan pada perbedaan kemampuan fase gerak untuk membawa zat terlarut dalam fase diam.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada proses kromatografi spidol warna, terlihat perbedaan panjang penguraian warna biru menjadi ungu 9 cm, dan biru muda 9,9 cm. Hijau menjadi kuning 9,7 cm, hijau 10,1 cm, biru muda10,5. Kuning menjadi kuning saja 11 cm, dan merah menjadi merah muda 8,5 cm, merah 9,2 cm, jingga 9,5 cm, dan kuning 10 cm. Perbedaan panjang penguraian warna ini disebabkan oleh perbedaan kemampuan fase gerak (air) untuk membawa zat terlarut (komponen warna) dalam fase diam (kertas kromatografi).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">8.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sebuah warna tersusun dari beberapa komponen-komponen warna lainnya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">9.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekstraksi adalah teknik pemisahan dan pemurnian yang didasarkan pada kelarutan suatu zat dalam pelarut yang mempunyai kemampuan melarutkan lebih besar dalam melarutkan senyawa yang diinginkan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">10<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada proses ekstraksi kristal I<sub>2</sub>, tidak terbentuk dua lapisan pelarut dan zat terlarut, karena pelarut yang pertama (larutan KI) dan pelarut yang kedua (heksana) bercampur menjadi satu. Akan tetapi warna larutan berubah menjadi merah. Hal ini terjadi karena konsentrasi heksana dalam larutan semakin tinggi dan proses ekstraksi yang berjalan dengan baik.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">11 <span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Antara pelarut yang satu dengan yang lainnya dalam proses ekstraksi harus memliki jenis polaritas yang berbeda agar keduanya tidak bercampur menjadi satu. Apabila pelarut yang satu bersifat polar maka pelarut yang lainnya harus bersifat non polar. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>Ahmad Fauzihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06150653241766913304noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1136719305228619701.post-72248997257888590562011-08-02T21:59:00.001-07:002012-03-05T02:12:47.792-08:00Bermain Trik Sulap Menggunakan Bahan Kimia1. Es untuk Menyalakan Lilin<br />
<b>Deskripsi:</b><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">Di atas meja ditaruh lilin tiga batang. Kemudian ambilah potongan es dan ditempelkan pada sumbu lilin tersebut. Sekarang nyalakan lilin tersebut karena sentuhan es ini.</div><b>Triknya:</b><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">Untuk memainkan trik ini diperlukan <b>logam Sodium (Natrium) </b>yang kecil dan diletakan dalam sumbu lilin tersebut. Logam ini kalau terkena air es akan menyala dengan mengeluarkan suara yang berdesis-desis. Memasukkan logam ke dalam sumbu lilin harus dikerjakan sebelum permainan dimulai dengan maksud agar tidak terlihat oleh para penonton.</div><br />
2. Rokok yang dinyalakan dengan Air<br />
<b>Deskripsi:</b><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">Kamu mengeluarkan rokok dari saku. Kemudian mengambil sebatang dan pada waktu akan menyalakan rokok anda berkata: " wah.....korek apinya ketinggalan neh". Ketika orang disebelah mau meminjamkan korek api, Anda berkata bahwa anda punya cara untuk menyalakan rokok tanpa menggunakan api melainkan menggunakan air. Ketika orang-orang mulai heran dan penasaran, saatnya menjalankan trik anda. Dengan menggunakan alat penetes obat mata. Anda mengambil air yang ada di dekat anda. Kemudian meneteskannya beberapa tetes ke ujung rokok tadi dan selang beberapa saat, menyalalah rokok tersebut. Saat orang kagum dan heran, itulah saatnya anda pergi ke tempat<b> </b>yang tidak ada orangnya untuk membuang rokoknya, karena bagaimana pun rokok itu bahaya bagi kesehatan. ingat jangan menghisap rokoknya ya......!!!</div><b>Triknya:</b><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">Sebelumnya telah disiapkan rokok yang akan dinyalakan. Tembakau yang ada pada ujung rokok diambil sedikit dan diganti dengan 9 butir potassium (kalium) permanganate (KMnO4). Kertas ujung rokok dilipat agar KMnO4 nya tidak tumpah. Sedangkan air yang ada di gunakan adalah glycerine (disiapkan didekat diri anda). Glycerine ini kelihatannya seperti air. Pada waktu glycerin itu diteteskan pada ujung rokok dan bercampur dengan KMnO4, akan menimbulkan reaksi sehingga rokok tersebut bisa menyala. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">3. Kertas yang Bisa dibakar dengan Tangan</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Deskripsi:</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Anda memperlihatkan kertas kepada para penonton. Kertas tersebut dibentuk menyerupai bola. Bola kertas ini diletakkan diatas meja dan dimasukkan ke dalam asbak. Setelah itu tangan anda berputar-putar di atas bola kertas tersebut dan memerintahkan untuk menyala, katakan : "ayo menyala"! maka menyalalah bola kertas tersebut.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Triknya:</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Dalam permainan ini kertas yang digunakan bukanlah kertas biasa. Sebelumnya kertas dibasahi terlebih dahulu dengan <b>gasoline</b> dan di dalamnya dimasukkan sepotong logam Sodium (Natrium) murni. Kertas inilah yang dibentuk menjadi bola. Alat penetes obat mata diletakan di antara telapak tangan dan jempol (agar tidak terlihat oleh orang). Alat penetes ini sebelumnya diisi dulu dengan air. Sewaktu beraksi menggerakkan kedua tangan di atas bola tersebut, teteskanlah airnya pada bola kertas tadi. Hal ini mengakibatkan bola kertas tersebut secara mendadak menyala.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Warning:</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Berhati-hatilah selama bermain menggunakan bahan Kimia, Jangan sampai melukai diri anda dan orang lain sekitar. Banyak-banyaklah berlatih, dan pelajari mana bahan kimia yang berbahaya dan mana yang aman.<span style="background-color: cyan;"></span><b> </b></div>Ahmad Fauzihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06150653241766913304noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1136719305228619701.post-27552050267653845032011-08-02T21:07:00.000-07:002011-08-02T21:07:47.147-07:00SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN TEORI DAN STRUKTUR ATOM<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">Dari zaman yunani kuno hingga sekarang, model dan teori atom terus berkembang. Melalui model dan teori atom, kita dapat mengetahui struktur suatu atom. Perkembangan tersebut tidak dapat dilepaskan dari upaya para ilmuwan diantaranya Democritus, John Dalton, J.J. Thomson, Rutherford, Niels Bohr, Schrodinger, de Broglie dan lain sebagainya.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Leukippos dan Demokritus (460 – 380 SM)</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">Leukippos merupakan orang pertama yang mencetuskan tentang keberadaan atom. Beliau bersama dengan Demokritus muridnya mengemukakan bahwa materi terbentuk dari partikel yang sudah tidak terbagi lagi. Yang kemudian mereka namai dengan sebutan atom (Yunani: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">atomos</i> = tak terbagi). Namun, <span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Pendapat ini ditolak oleh Aristoteles, Dia berpendapat bahwa materi bersifat kuntinu (materi dapat dibelah terus-menerus sampai tidak berhingga). Oleh karena Aristosteles termasuk orang yang sangat berpengaruh pada masa itu, gagasan tentang atom memudar dan tidak mengalami perkembangan selama berabad-abad lamanya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Gassendi (1592-1655 M)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Pemikiran tentang keberadaan atom muncul kembali. Sekitar tahun 1592 - 1655 Gasendi mengemukakan bahwa atom merupakan bagian terkecil suatu zat. Isaac Newton (1642 - 1727), seorang ilmuwan yang sangat berpengaruh pada masa itu, mengemukakan dukungannya tentang keberadaan atom. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Teori atom Dalton (1808 M)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Berdasarkan berbagai penemuan pada masa itu, John Dalton merumuskan teori atom yang pertama sekitar tahun 1803-1807, yang kita kenal sebagai teori atom Dalton. Berikut adalah postulat-postulat dalam teori atom Dalton.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Setiap unsur terdiri atas partikel yang sudah tak terbagi yang dinamai atom.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Atom-atom dari suatu unsur adalah identik. Atom-atom dari unsur yang berbeda mempunyai sifat-sifat yang berbeda, teimasuk mempunyai massa yang berbeda.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Atom dari suatu unsur tidak dapat diubah menjadi atom unsur lain, tidak dapat dimusnahkan atau diciptakan. Reaksi kimia hanya merupakan penataan ulang atom- atom.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Senyawa terbentuk ketika atom-atom dari dua jenis unsur atau lebih bergabung dengan perbandingan tertentu.</span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Namun pada perkembangannya, terdapat kelemahan dari teori atom Dalton ini, di antaranya :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Tidak dapat menjelaskan sifat listrik materi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Tidak dapat menjelaskan cara atom-atom saling berikatan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 63.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Tidak dapat menjelaskan perbedaan antara atom unsur yang satu dengan unsur yang lain.</span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Meskipun demikian, Teori atom Dalton diterima karena dapat menjelaskan dengan baik beberapa fakta eksperimen pada masa itu, di antaranya Hukum Kekekalan Massa dan Hukum Perbandingan Tetap dengan baik.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Hipotesa Prout (1785-1855)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><b>Hipotesis Prout adalah</b> upaya yang dilakukan di awal abad kesembilan belas untuk menjelaskan keberadaan beberapa unsur kimia melalui hipotesis tentang struktur internal dari atom . <span>Pada 1815 dan 1816 , kimiawan Inggris William Prout menerbitkan dua artikel di mana ia mencatat bahwa berat atom yang telah ditetapkan untuk unsur yang dikenal pada saat itu tampaknya menjadi beberapa dari semua berat atom hidrogen .</span> <span>Akibatnya, hipotesis bahwa atom hidrogen adalah satu-satunya benar-benar mendasar, dan bahwa atom elemen lain sebenarnya kelompok dari beberapa atom hidrogen<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">.</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Model Atom Thomson</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Pada Tahun 1900, J. J Thomson menemukan Elektron. Penemuan elektron berkaitan dengan percobaan-percobaan tentang hantaran listrik melalui tabung hampa. Melalui percobaan dapat ditunjukkan bahwa perpendaran itu disebabkan oleh suatu radiasi yang memancar dari permukaan katode menuju anode.Oleh karena berasal dari katode, maka radiasi ini disebut <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sinar katode. </i>Percobaan lebih lanjut menunujukan bahwa sinar <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>katode merupakan radiasi partikel yang bermuatan listrik negatif. Selanjutnya, Thomson menamakanya <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">elektron</b>. Berdasarkan hal itu, Thomson menyimpulkan bahwa elektron merupakan partikel dasar penyusun atom.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Setelah penemuan elektron pada tahun 1900, J. J Thomson mengajukan model atom yang menyerupai roti kismis. Menurut Thomson, atom terdiri dari materi bermuatan positif dan di dalamnya tersebar elektron bagaikan kismis dalam roti kismis.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Model Atom Rutherford</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Pada tahun 1910, Ernest Rutherford bersama dua orang asistennya, yaitu Hans Geiger dan Ernest Marsden, melakukan serangkaian percobaan untuk mengetahui lebih banyak tentang susunan atom. Mereka menembaki lempeng emas yang sangat tipis dengan partikel sinar alfa berenergi tinggi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mereka menemukan bahwa sebagian besar partikel alfa dapat menembus lempeng emas tanpa pembelokkan berarti, seolah-olah lempeng emas itu tidak ada. Akan tetapi, kemudian mereka menemukan bahwa sebagian kecil dari partikel alfa mengalami pembelokan yang cukup besar, bahkan di antaranya dipantulkan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Adanya partikel alfa yang terpantul mengejutkan Rutherford. Partikel alfa yang terpantul itu pastilah telah menabrak sesuatu yang sangat padat dalam atom. Fakta ini tidak sesuai dengan model yang dikemukakan oleh J. J Thomson, dimana atom digambarkan bersifat homogen pada seluruh bagiannya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Pada tahun 1911, Rutherford menjelaskan penghamburan sinar<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>alfa dengan mengajukan gagasan tentang <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">inti atom</b>. Menurut Rutherford, sebagian besar dari massa dan muatan positif atom terkonsentrasi pada bagian pusat atom yang selanjutnya disebut inti atom. Elektron beredar mengitari inti pada jarak yang relatif sangat jauh. Lintasan elektron itu disebut kulit atom.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Namun, terdapat kelemahan pada teori atom Rutherford yakni tidak dapat menjelaskan elektron itu tidak jatuh ke intinya. Menurut teori fisika klasik, gerakan elektron mengitari inti akan disertai pemancaran energi berupa radiasi elektromagnet. Dengan demikian, energi elektron semakin berkurang dan gerakannya melambat sehingga membentuk lintasan spiral dan akhirnya jatuh ke inti atom.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Model atom bohr (1913), Spektrum hidrogen</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Pada tahun 1913, berdasarkan analisis spektrum atom dan teori kuantum yang dikemukakan oleh Max Planck, Niels Bohr mengajukan model atom hidrogen. Model atom hidrogen menurut Bohr menyerupai sistem tata surya. Elektron dalam atom hanya dapat berada pada tingkat energi tertentu. Artinya, elektron hanya dapat beredar pada lintasan tertentu saja. Elektron dapat berpindah dari satu kulit ke kulit lain disertai pemancaran atau penyerapan sejumlah tertentu energi. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Model Atom Mekanika Kuantum (1926), Hipotesa de Broglie</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Teori atom Bohr hanya sesuai untuk atom hidrogen. Selain itu, pada perkembangan selanjutnya diketahui bahwa gerakan elektron menyerupai gelombang. Oleh karena itu, posisi elektron tidak mungkin dapat dipastikan. Dengan kata lain, orbit elektron yang berbentuk lingkaran dengan jari-jari tertentu seperti yang dikemukakan Niels Bohr tidak dapat diterima.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada tahun 1926, dengan menggunakan pemikiran Louis de Broglie bahwa partikel berperilaku seperti gelombang, Erwin Schrödinger mengembangkan suatu model atom matematis yang menggambarkan elektron sebagai gelombang tiga dimensi daripada sebagai titik-titik partikel.</span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"> Menurut teori atom mekanika kuantum, meski elektron mempunyai tingkat energi tertentu, posisinya tidak dapat dipastikan. Yang dikatakan tentang posisi elektron adalah peluang untuk menemukannya. Daerah dengan peluang terbesar untuk menemukan elektron tersebut disebut <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">orbital. </b>Orbital biasanya digambarkan berupa awan dengan ketebalan yang bervariasi. Awan yang lebih tebal menyatakan peluang yang lebih besar untuk menemukan elektron dan sebaliknya. Teori atom mekanika kuantum dapat menjelaskan struktur atom yang lebih kompleks (atom multielektron). </span></div>Ahmad Fauzihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06150653241766913304noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1136719305228619701.post-61984128602854361032011-07-15T19:09:00.000-07:002011-08-13T23:18:26.040-07:00Bentuk Orbital1. Bentuk Orbital <i>s </i><br />
- Sifat orbital <i>s </i>memiliki rapatan elektron yang sama pada jarak yang sama dari inti.<br />
- titik-titik yang menggambarkan rapatan elektron pada jarak yang sama terletak pada permukaan bola<br />
dengan inti atom sebagai pusatnya. Oleh karena itu, orbital <i>s </i>dikatakan berbentuk bulat (<i>spherical</i>)<br />
<img alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAHgAAABxCAIAAACRCfBNAAAWJElEQVR4nO1de1iM6fsfXC7fyB5c0qZ1sZHjkqKLtJGoFEpI69BZbDZb7Qor1XRQbCWk0mSaaqK1SyFaUqq9nMnKtg5LydpKVsc5vjPzvs/vj9s8+xpmUhvN+M3nj653ppln7ufz3nM/9+l5hrFmzZqjR49mZGSw2Ww2m83lcrlcLpvNzlIzZCtBb8uliPT09KysrOzsbDabnZmZyWazCwoKvLy8GMePH0cISaVSRINMJkNadAsURdEfSiQShFBBQQGDzWYTBCEUCkmSlEqlJEnKZDKRSCRVM0iUoLflUoREIqEoiqIomUxGkiSfzxeJRCwWi5GZmUlRFEmSvaQB7xsUNJokSYqiOBwOIzMzE3QZIUQQBL4hpJqBUoLelksRIJVEIiEIAiEkk8leEH3o0CF8H+DZ3tCD9xCwzsHfnJwcRnZ2NkmSQL9UKgWi1VBTNAXAMkVRQKZYLJbJZBwO5wXRsDhq8d+h4LDBw9zcXEZ2djaSu3ckSWKN7g0hEXw0/dPhuwUrOEKoo6Pj3r17LS0tQqGwvb29t4RUDbpegwZnZmZqDNEIIZFINGvWrA8++OCLL74Qi8VCoVA9VxTNJpogCB6Pd+fOnRs3bjx+/LijowPJwwF1g2YT/c8//yCE/vzzz+rqaoSQWCymKEogEPSWnCqg2UQjhC5fvjx69Ohbt24lJSUhhJ49e9ZbQqqGZhPd1NSEEAoKCoqKivr666+RGidkNJtohBC4GfX19QRBtLW1IYSePHnSW3KqgGYTLZFIYAEECAQCkUjUGwJ2Ds0gWhlAqffv319ZWUl/Rg2h2URDkiAhIeHSpUtAMUEQpFomHTWbaIlEQpJkTExMWVkZkE4QhHoqtWYTDbY7KiqqtLQUpFVDIQGaTTRCiKKoyMjI0tJS9VRkDM0mGtwPJpNZUlKi1ei3CEjgRUdHnz9/HqRX2zKFxhONEIqNja2oqKAXL9QQmk00SBgREVFeXo5nooJriqJkMhm+JRBJAp49ewbzh5CHHgf1CDSbaJCYyWSWl5djo6GCaEjsiUSi5uZmeObp06ckSUIWECEEjQACgaDHnfH3gejIyMiKigrooEC0Kb0WFEUJhUKEkEwmE4vFSK68Xl5ed+/eRQgRBAEz7dloXrOJBgmjoqIuXLgAqY9O3wK0QnsQQojH4yGEYmJiwsPDhUKhUCiEMbHK9xQ0m2gQiclkXrx4Eb3Sw/YqQEnBNFMUBSyfPn3awcEBXgD/IkkSlL0HodlEA0JDQy9cuIA6MxoYDQ0NCCGpVPrPP/+IRKLFixc/ePCAx+M9f/4cIQS9AKin10PNJhqE3rRpU3l5OZJLqFpO0OKHDx/CK728vLhcLpLntSUSCVz0uJuo2USTJCkUCr/55puSkhIkDxRVGBDs28GLDx48GBAQAOPA2ojp7vG2Fs0mGlhbu3Yt2GiAQolAKpUSBAFzAXV+/PgxQqi6utrKyuqdRZLvLdEKRRmMlpYWhBBBEHZ2dnfv3oU78Q5EfZ+Jpq+NMD3wJYRC4ebNm+Pj4yGFDWr+tvF+Eo1FxZ1jUqkUWCZJMj8/397eHq573F9WhveTaGwNYImDHk6YyKNHj2bNmoUQgoAFx4FvG+8n0WATEEJ0J4SiqPb2dltb26qqKnimtbUVyQuPbxvvJ9F0jYYLiUTy7NmzuLi4AwcOQGpJIBCAMdEuhp1DtXsHXZBw3dzcfPv2bTs7O3j47rt7NYNoHDvgBka8vwYh5O/vX1paCs+D94ZfwOPx4DWtra3Tp0+H/TiwPL7j6WgG0ZCZw3RLpVLwyfh8PkJo7dq1FRUVYDGwrZDJZGCCW1paSJJcv3792bNnYRAForWL4UuQyWQCgUAgEGC6wW1ACK1atQqSSiBhe3s79pchGxcVFRUeHg4zlEqlCuqsJfolKXHeEugmCAI6dHk8XnBwMOSj6RK2tbXBDtTa2lpXV1cwKaDyWqI7h0gkAnPR1tZWVFQUGBjo6elpaGg4Y8aMRYsWhYWFHT9+XME1HjVqVH19PUJILBbDHikFlv+/Ew0U4O1jbW1tsBKeP3/e2dlZR0eHwWB88MEHenp6BgYGRkZGAwcOHDRoEIPBGDx4sI+Pz4MHD/h8vouLS0FBAUKorq4OvY5WLdEvomeoBAJNjY2Nq1ev1tXVHTNmzPz58+fOnevs7Ozo6GhlZTV79mwTExMrKyszM7MpU6YwGAwdHZ158+bt27cP0ZyWV6egJfpFUIedjWPHjs2YMWPo0KFffPHFsmXLli5d6uHh4erqumHDhtWrV3t7e9vZ2dnY2NjZ2U2YMGHy5MnDhw/v06ePpaVlU1MTfBVeW51SU6KVoQcFwrVnKJXC9eXLl4cNGzZ27Fh3d/fVq1cHBwd/8803W7du3bZt2+bNm4OCgr7++ut169atWbNmyZIl9vb2FhYWVlZWBgYG/fv3NzQ0fP78OVZq+JbgT+nx+BtIw8IrhJ1AN+ResrKyuqzRKu5Bl24MzF9B9SoqKsaMGTNmzBg/P7/AwMCNGzempKSkpaXt3bs3MTFx586dkZGR27dvDwkJCQgI8PT0XLFihZOT04QJE8zMzEaMGPHRRx+ZmJgghGDDi8JcelZLcCyKSzkKbcTqQjR4FFAVBXeNx+MtWbJk9OjR7u7uMTExP/zwQ3p6OhzlcujQodzc3MzMzNTU1KSkpLi4uLCwsKCgIFDtmTNnuri4TJgwYeDAgQwGIyIiAqZHzzHBRQ+WrCiKenU3Mn2+/5XongK9/Az1p+TkZH19fU9Pz4iICCaTyeVyKyoqCgsLi4uLr1y5curUqfz8/Nzc3IyMjH379sXFxX3//fdBQUHe3t4uLi4rVqyYMmXKyJEjjY2NGQzGvXv3EEJCoRBuJ/64t7FDgF6cpENdiAYRsQEVCAQzZ860sLDw9fVNTU09cuTIpUuXrl+/fvXq1dra2gsXLpSXl585cyY/P5/L5aanpycmJjKZzM2bNwcEBLi6ui5cuHD27NmzZs0yMDBgMBgrV65ECEkkEpwP6fGtn0AR8Ii/Pd3R6K6aAhUCKRuHXlgqLy//3//+t3btWiaTmZeXd+XKlcbGxpqamvv37zc2Np4/f/7atWu//vprUVHRzz//nJ2dvX///ri4uPDw8JCQEF9f3yVLlixcuNDCwsLQ0NDQ0HDw4MGwMw7zizs3umr6lAF4pOdb0MvfmDclWqYEZBehgmi8aiOENmzY8Mknn2zcuDEtLe3w4cMXL17s6OiAbFFLS0t9fX1VVdXVq1dLS0tPnDhx+PBhFouVmJgYExOzefPm4OBgDw+PRYsWmZubz5w5U0dHR1dXNysrCyYMdhkYBzPaIwBm29ragBbItHRnMVRxOFOXoExQ7M+BrpmYmNjb2wcGBu7bt6+8vLy+vh4OL2hpaampqWloaKiurr5+/XpZWVlhYeGPP/548ODBpKSk2NjYkJAQPz8/b2/vhQsX2tjYGBsbGxkZ9evXz8fHB1ya9vZ27CGIRKKeIlosFgsEgvv379fV1dXV1d2/fx+XF7pGNKLlzOBaBWsqQLch9AgQL1Og+MbGxq6uroGBgVlZWefOnXvw4EFra6tAIOjo6Ghqaqqrq7t16xYQffz48cOHD2dmZu7du3fHjh2bNm366quvVq1atWTJEltbWzMzM/Cpra2toUOXbqmxPCTtDJBuo6OjY9KkSbGxsVVVVZaWlhKJhG4M35Top0+f5ufnR0dHh4eH79q1Kzk5OTk5OTY2NqbriI2N3bVr1+7du5OTkw8cOHDw4MHMzMz09HQWi7Vnz56kpKT09PSBAwc6OjpGR0ezWKzCwsKqqqonT540NTU1NjbW1dXdu3fvt99+A6JPnDiRl5fH4XDA99i2bVtQUJCPj8/y5cttbW1NTU0NDQ0HDRr02WefcTgcFovFZrM5HE5aWlpaWhqLxWKxWBkZGQcPHuRwOFwu98iRI/n5+SdOnDirBMVK0NjYiBBKSEiwt7evqakpKipSuA1d0Og//vijqKjo5MmThYWFZ8+eLSkpOXXqVEkXcfbs2V9++aWwsLCgoOCnn346dOhQTk5OVlZWfn5+Tk4OzDY9PV1fX9/a2nrr1q0pKSlHjx69fPny3bt3Hz58+PDhw7t3796+ffvatWsXL148d+4cOHlsNhs0OjQ0NDg42NfXd/ny5fPmzTM1NYXIZdCgQQkJCSEhIdHR0UlJSdu2bYuIiID1Mzw8PCwsLCwsLDw8PDIyMjo6eseOHZFKEKUEYPG2bt3q4+Nz/fp1aImC+kOXiaab9v/eCUhRFNgNfFQZmCOE0N9//z158uS5c+f6+fklJibm5OQUFxdfvnz5xo0bN2/erKysvHr1anl5eUlJSWFhIajzgQMHEhISmEzmpk2b/P39V61a5eTkZGNjM3XqVNDoxYsXI5qtUBZ/U50d06VsrYLWhsTExP79+9fU1KCXLW0XiKYoisfjweqBbZmyT1UBCEZeaw0pec5FLBYbGxvPnTsX3Lvk5OQjR46cOnWquLj4/PnzZWVlpaWlRUVFp06dAt+OxWIlJyfHxcVt374d1HnZsmUODg7W1tYmJiZ6enp9+vSxsbHBbTQikYjH45EkyefzFZZ0qVSqLOJQDT6fX19fv3v37iNHjkA0IBKJ6DsHuqDRJElCs6X0lZJ+NwDjEAQhEokgEUMQBG6PmzNnjomJydKlSzdt2hQXF5eRkZGXl3fs2LGTJ0+ePn369OnTx44d+/nnnyEyTElJSUpKio6O3rJlS1BQkK+v79KlS+3s7CwtLSdOnDhkyBAGg5GYmKiQSIGZEwQBdVuJ/LhNIFqZ16RMgS5duvThhx/evHkT2AMnhK7UXXDv6N44XFPK/WsVfjf1BmHO/v37hw8fDpEhdMulpaWx2ezc3Ny8vLy8vLzs7GwOh5Oenr53796EhITY2NjQ0NDAwMB169a5u7s7OztbW1ubmpoaGRkNHTpUV1e3uroatgNh/VBmPUj5eSBdBT4thJ6x6TLR6GVnCC66twsBu3pg9eAG4MQx3IyHDx8OGTJkxowZzs7OPj4+W7ZsiY6Ojo+P37t3b0pKSmpqampqakpKyp49e3bu3Am+0Lfffrtu3bqVK1e6uro6OjpaWFiMGzfO0NDQwMDA0NCQPmdo7QB1U3A60Ss9km8IeAtFUfSWPiktU6ouuQ6SJOn5Bz6fHxwcPGDAAGtraycnp4CAgICAACaTGRoaGh8fHxERsWvXrsjIyFA5wH328vJas2aNmZnZggULJk6cOG7cuAEDBvTv3//w4cNvW37VU4MLSn0qLBKJBOfYampqhg8fPn78+AULFtja2vr6+q5YsSI6Onrr1q3+/v5hYWHbtm377rvvAgIC1q1b5+Xl5ebm5uzsPGfOHDc3N1NT01GjRhkYGPTr12/SpEn/MRL5j1BHokEmrNppaWl9+/adOnWqmZnZsmXLNm7cuHjxYj8/v5CQEC8vL39//4CAgPXr1/v4+Hh6erq6ui5YsGDy5MmLFy/W09PT19fX0dHp379/Q0NDj2+G7cakkJoQTVEU3RmSSqXQKRAWFsZgMCwtLadPn25ubu7g4ODk5OTi4rJy5UpPT0+oYDk6Ojo6Os6ZM2fq1Knm5uYjRowYNmzYp59+ymAwUlNT37bknUK9iMbA0RTOfqxfv57BYAwfPtzU1NTa2trc3PzLL79cuHCho6OjjY2NhYXFrFmzrK2trayspk2bNmLEiHHjxg0dOpTBYBw7dgwG7MFKSjegjkTjHdvwifX19Twe7+rVq8uXLx81atSwYcOGDRtmZGQ0cuTIzz//fMqUKaamptOmTTM1NR0/fryhoeGQIUP09PQYDIaent6DBw9em65891A7oin5mZekfC88n89//vy5ra1tU1PTrVu33NzcgEd9ff2RI0dCUv/TTz/9+OOP+/bt27dvX11d3YEDB+7cuRMh1NDQ8NqC77uHehGNXU5sOv7++2+E0Jdffnny5ElcS3z8+HF8fLylpaW+vv6AAQMYDEafPn10dHSMjIxWr16dnJxMkmRLSwtFqyRQFIWtUK9AvYimB0E4jRsfHx8eHg7NAkKhEK+WEOAQBOHk5FRdXd3U1ISNA46h3zAEfQdQL6LRy1kYgUDw+++/u7i4AMskSeK4FtQT+hZdXV1ra2vb29uxCqsby0jdiAYtFgqFuM5kbm6O9/a0tbVhzwHWN5DQw8OjqakJ/wtH8FqiVYHeyu/m5nb06FGEUGtrq0IZDMuGEPL29oa2fvwvXP99BwK/IdSLaJAAnI2CggIPDw+EEJ/Px+sYROfYFoP0np6ezc3NvRthdwr1IhrJO+Rqa2unTp2KaEdM4awsSZK4oQ3+uru7Nzc3K6skqAnUi2iBQACVrUWLFlVWVtJbQGGrBH4ItGIb3dbWBrlWtTIXdKgX0UCln5/fnj174JnW1lYFPRWJRPgGgITe3t5gW+AGvG0hu4feIRpXBeEhVH3g63/9+nU3Nzc+n4+zdyoMAozj7u7+/PlzbLjVU6l7h2ioa4ChoJfUnjx5Mn78eLFYDKLQY5DXQkt053j69CmS1xuBaz6f7+DgUFVVRZIkj8fDxKno+dQS3TmwLwHDtra2/vDDDzt27EBy+rB1VpGj0BLdCUBJGxoaIK9PEER5efnSpUsRQo8ePcKv6fQTtUR3Dmya//rrL4TQlClTHj9+DB0dsDcWiKP3U70KLdGdACedIaHh7OwMPyeM5Kf/SeSHQas+70FLdOeAQ20RQkwmE3byKJwAgeRutQrHQ0v0CyiED9BLhmi7lyorK+fPn09vgOoStET/C4XDzjo6OmBYOJtg7Nixd+7cQbSDd7oELdGKwD0V+GwChNCKFSuKi4vhYfdasLRE/wvIeTY3N/P5/I6ODtxUKJFIRCIRnHfb7WqelugXgBGg8f3Ro0f29va3b9/OyspatmxZW1sb2ApMED7//c2hJfpfQF8lj8fj8Xj+/v7GxsZlZWW1tbX014Dj3I3BtUS/ALTUI7l3XFlZqaurixAiCALMhVAoBL2munUYq5bol8Dj8Z48eXLmzJmysrLBgwdzOByIBpE8Fsc+X1dH1hKN8KDwAVeuXPn222+FQuGJEyeCg4MhEaowYDfGh6V1+fLl9PqWeha03rpG19XVwRtBi+H3BmGzkJboniQakhXwXoFAAGNKJJJX63taortPNC6nQh4DwhbYh90jdGiJfgEJ7den8MPuDfVaaIl+CTjdAXsoe7BPWUv0C2BDLBaL8dt70P3SEv0vIH+E9+v2bOPh+0A0Thmrp/8PIAiitbX1zp070OSIe3l7Wy5FYE0l5Rs6EULZ2dkMDocjox3h9i5777oBvE1VbX/mXhXR8GVEmkA0Xl17d/OECiglOicnB8knQOeXUjNAqyM2fyKRCMusbng90fCDaK/menpbWkWQJKmQM6HkU1I3vJ5oWAzhMVROKYqSdf3YtbcNJHc8sPWA+q+6QSnRYDo0gmi8jRCfFKSGciolOjc391XTQXV20tC7B5I7c/hIJvjb23IpQinRHh4eXC43Ly+PxWJxudwsLf4b4KQcLpebkZHB5XKzs7MPHTq0fv36/wNQYYQ7kq7zXwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" /> Rapatan elektron pada orbital 2<i>s</i> makin rendah pada posisi makin jauh dari inti. Bahkan suatu saat rapatan itu mencapai nol. Namun, segera setelah itu kerapatan elektron bertambah lagi, kemudian berkurang lagi. Dengan kata lain, pada orbital 2<i>s</i> terdapat dua lapis awan elektron. begitu seterusnya untuk orbital 3<i>s.</i><br />
<i>2. </i>Bentuk Orbital <i>p </i><br />
<i> - </i>Rapatan elektron pada orbital <i>p </i>tidak didistribusikan simetris seperti bola.<br />
- Rapatan elektron terpusat pada dua daerah yang sama ukurannya, tetapi letaknya berseberangan<br />
- kedua pusat orbital membentuk satu garis lurus dengan inti.<br />
Orbital <i>p</i> dengan bilangan kuantum utama yang lebih besar akan berukuran lebih besar. Selain itu, orbital <i>p</i> memiliki rapatan elektron dengan arah tertentu. sifat inilah yang menyebabkan tiap molekul mempunyai bentuk tertentu. karena arahnya tertentu maka orbital <i>p</i> berbentuk seperti sepasang cuping (<i>dumbbell</i>) yang bertolak belakang dengan inti sebagai tolakannya.<br />
<img alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,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" /> Ada tiga orbital <i>p, </i>yaitu <i>p</i>x, <i>p</i>y dan <i>pz. </i>Ketiga orbital tersebut mempunyai bentuk dan ukuran serta energi yang sama. Perbedaan ketiga orbital itu terletak pada arah konsentrasi rapatan elektronnya. arah tiap orbital terhadap sumbu X, Y, Z ditunjukan dengan indeks bawah. Arah tiap orbital itu saling tegak lurus.<br />
3. Bentuk Orbital <i>d</i><br />
<i> - </i>orbital <i>d </i>lebih rumit dari orbital <i>p. </i>Oleh karena itu, penggambaran orbital <i>d </i>selalu terpisah. Walaupun<br />
demikian, dalam sebuah atom semua orbital berimpit pada inti yang sama.<br />
<img alt="" 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" />Hal yang perlu diingat adalah tidak semua orbital <i>d </i>tampak sama. Empat orbital <i>d </i>yang di tandai dengan <i>dxy, </i><i>dxz, </i><i>dyz, dan dx"-y" </i>mempunyai bentuk yang sama.<br />
<i> - </i>Masing-masing memiliki empat cuping rapatan elektron. Keempat orbital itu dibedakan oleh perbedaan arah.<br />
<i> - </i>Orbital<i> d </i>yang tidak sama dengan keempat orbital itu ditandai dengan <i>dz" . </i>Orbital ini terdiri atas dua cuping rapatan elektron yang berukuran besar dan suatu donat rapatan elektron. Dua cuping itu menunjuk arah yang saling berlawanan sepanjang sumbu z. Sedangkan donat rapatan elektron terletak dalam bidang xy.<br />
4. Orbital <i>f</i><br />
<i> - </i>Bentuk Orbital <i>f</i> lebih rumit daripada bentuk orbital <i>d .</i><br />
<i> - </i>Orbital <i>f </i>hanya diperlukan pada saat membahas unsur transisi dalam.<br />
salah satu bentuk orbital <i>f.</i><br />
<img alt="" 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" /><i> </i>Ahmad Fauzihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06150653241766913304noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1136719305228619701.post-46497293397076859422011-07-11T22:30:00.001-07:002012-03-05T02:10:24.307-08:00Parity 4x4x4 (Rubik’s revenge) algorithmPada postingan kali ini Masih membahas rubik, namun kali ini hanya rubik 4x4x4 saja. Dalam menyelesaikan rubik ini, kadang-kadang kalian pasti menemui masalah atau istilahnya PARITY. Jika sudah begitu, pastilah diperlukan algorima yang panjang -(syukur2 kalo hafal)-.hehehhehe.....Namun, bagaimana jika kalian tidak tahu algoritmanya, pastinya kalian mengotak-atik hingga <i>puyeng </i>atau karena frustasi sampai2 rubiknya dilempar ke tembok. Eitssss......g usah segitho nya kaleeee.....<br />
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Namun jangan khawatir, dibawah ini saya akan berbagi algoritma untuk menyelesaikan apa yang disebut dengan Parity tersebut.<br />
Pada dasarnya, parity adalah kondisi yang hanya bisa muncul pada rubik 4x4x4 dan tidak dapat muncul pada rubik 3x3x3. Meskipun demikian, dalam sebuah kasus bisa muncul lebih dari 1 parity error. Berikut ini adalah 2 parity yang paling umum terjadi:<br />
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1. pasangan edge tertukar bersebelahan<br />
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<img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTFqI8ZHsXZ76jNa1EhhSpXyAmJb-CBh7G7eG8GdHpDseHva-DFH7YTNHnThQFx8qilnMuvHn0yuyMPm3XGJ6vD3GeNlAhp04RRHeR4F8KLIR-jwNVByfAaQ8uxo9ci-h8aJcpdYab7UpR/s200/Img00001.jpg" width="200" /> Algoritmanya : ambil warna orange yang menghadap wajah anda <br />
R’ U R U r2 U2 r2 (Uu)2 r2 (Uu)2 U R’ U’ R.<br />
keterangan : R = Right/kanan ; U = Up/atas tanda (') berarti berlawanan arah jarum jam<br />
r berarti hanya layer lapis kedua yang diputar<br />
(Uu) = layer 1 dan 2 diputar bersamaan ,,angka 2 berarti diputar 180 derajat.<br />
2. Edge yang terbalik<br />
<img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG93ngm_DU1mKR-JTGWEJ4JSWdU9FPWdZMmEbIXu9rloYW9lI1RaCBjc6DU6VwCdcgNnad_WUolQRINyUaBNeIXEVMB_BN8dcZRyJwz9xp4c7LshNP9pmAOtCHqX1SkJPR_l9M6nZU7Zwz/s200/Img00003.jpg" width="200" /> Algoritmanya : ambil orange yang menghadap wajah anda.<br />
r2 B2 U2 l U2 r’ U2 r U2 F2 r F2 l’ B2 r2.<br />
keterangan: R = Right/kanan ; U = Up/atas ; B = Back/belakang ; F = Front/depan<br />
tanda (') berarti berlawanan arah jarum jam; <br />
r berarti hanya layer kanan lapis kedua yang diputar<br />
l berarti hanya layer kiri lapis kedua yang diputar <br />
angka 2 berarti diputar 180 derajat.<br />
Padahal masih ada beberapa lagi macam parity itu, namun ini lah yang paling sering saya temui.....<br />
Baiklah, sampai disini dulu ya. Semoga bermanfaat,,<br />
THANK YOU SO MUCH>>>>>>>>Ahmad Fauzihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06150653241766913304noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1136719305228619701.post-45881909967454643802011-07-10T03:16:00.001-07:002012-03-05T02:11:41.274-08:008 koleksi pertama rubik kuNah, karena bingung mau posting apaan jadi saya posting <i>aja</i> tentang 8 koleksi pertama rubik ku sebagai posting an pertama diblog ini. cekidoooooottttt......<br />
1. Pyraminx <br />
<img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinINtkYab1RJF1C4dw2tH_Ee8hHFZIwpTFjlqTrkIauOmB-ZFRt_ZqFzOTt0ZTSRssusV0AYKatQN6nc8pzwlzYeykwkKnAJNrLqvIjeplT-dQCJG31S494tkjlbGAKyq2ziR-1a2LZypg/s320/Img00002.jpg" width="320" /> <br />
terdiri dari kiub-kiub yang berbentuk segitiga beraturan n sama sisi.<br />
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2. Pillowed master pyramorpinx <br />
<img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0sSRGpt2INQDkXIFiXwW_dfAUxA62qdaZbGdpo-DbZleXV8Vreu08cwH6SUqJTGv8y0eOSQpR2g6V7VfFGJhNbwyQUiIhTjJlRPWxGiUIlHf5HSxJ6m-poj2GMrovSyHAceaAKwvNkjc4/s320/Img00005.jpg" width="320" /><br />
sama seperti pyraminx,namun memiliki kiub-kiub yang berbeda (seperti trapesium dan segitiga), kalau di acak lebih mirip dengan rubik mirror block.<br />
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3. 2x2(pocket cube)<br />
<img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFTuhpDVhS_JalyZNJWzeTp34uVxr7D4SGCJ3I1tJgriWbNqTrnrM5hh75YUXRn5lxRz9WwR4v3j3WEoMo8t2uIuXKrB1tNZcNVb31GJGELO6G8JnbyhpE6kHg3uzlTonldcG0VFrPANLH/s320/Img00006.jpg" width="320" /><br />
memiliki 24 kiub, tanpa center. tingkat kesulitan rendah. <br />
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4. 2x2x3(......)lupa apa nama istilahnya.hehehehe.....<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZzXS2I6UXmJm-wQ6_nGB3wPcpnh3IzlwNQ_32uzJXA0uPOO0FAQ6BiA0WOCEpjG96Z7q85ZZA7cs4bDbFiJaPcupYfEtdcrtQJnXCP0FmS4rCWyVcQKCbvmvlN3IQaLveVyxkA0HHAZ2a/s1600/Img00007.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZzXS2I6UXmJm-wQ6_nGB3wPcpnh3IzlwNQ_32uzJXA0uPOO0FAQ6BiA0WOCEpjG96Z7q85ZZA7cs4bDbFiJaPcupYfEtdcrtQJnXCP0FmS4rCWyVcQKCbvmvlN3IQaLveVyxkA0HHAZ2a/s320/Img00007.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>meskipun terlihat kecil, tetapi lumayan juga bikin orang <i>puyeng</i>. satu sisi bisa diputar 90 derajat namun satu sisi lagi hanya bisa di putar 180 derajat. Jadi, tingkat kesulitannya menegah.<br />
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5. square's King<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6WAC8wKxpqmPDeuxbB7mdva0xXQkRRu0mu71t55HZLqqcaejT0mAdmOGirKAg_flmnEtO2c4d9CUWTmnm-Yy8lqipiqWtAzfxtDz_oDslsRfmE4UR-C4w-qJmE6mcjzNXHSSUMK1AyD9a/s1600/Img00008.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6WAC8wKxpqmPDeuxbB7mdva0xXQkRRu0mu71t55HZLqqcaejT0mAdmOGirKAg_flmnEtO2c4d9CUWTmnm-Yy8lqipiqWtAzfxtDz_oDslsRfmE4UR-C4w-qJmE6mcjzNXHSSUMK1AyD9a/s320/Img00008.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>sama seperti pillowed, bahkan algoritmanya pun sama, hanya saja berbentuk kubus. dan kalo di acak <br />
juga seperti mirror block.<br />
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6. 3x3x3 (rubic cube)<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ1OeLs5aKqz1XnIBQ1U9fNkDTz5fpM0fP1CrYTV3Y8tbb08vw6Fk0ZX5qpYNxkRa9uBp3S77GBiuIowAPIwzygNg31j3dk11Xd2blG6VRRmDuqJ50jIa9ndACanK25-SjcsB1_mpHhZwy/s1600/Img00011.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ1OeLs5aKqz1XnIBQ1U9fNkDTz5fpM0fP1CrYTV3Y8tbb08vw6Fk0ZX5qpYNxkRa9uBp3S77GBiuIowAPIwzygNg31j3dk11Xd2blG6VRRmDuqJ50jIa9ndACanK25-SjcsB1_mpHhZwy/s320/Img00011.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>inilah rubik yang paling banya dijual di pasaran, harganya pun bervariasi. mulai dari 5rb sampai ratusan ribu. sering digunakan oleh pemula dan algoritmanya bisa di pakai sebagai patokan untuk selesaikan rubik2 lain seperti mirror block, pillowed, square king dsb.<br />
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7. 4x4x4<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOl4eppC1q24tr_RbuqFTRBDFiWbZ0XZW-bd0gL-NMksUy4LnNz-66wA3s3I9XUqWz5Juv4s8TtI5JRdc0rQ_hM8QWBiQVDjlqWpxcZbO1CBjrCsv2EHtYGnmhfyntUAhloWGeNkz_pJDm/s1600/Img00010.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOl4eppC1q24tr_RbuqFTRBDFiWbZ0XZW-bd0gL-NMksUy4LnNz-66wA3s3I9XUqWz5Juv4s8TtI5JRdc0rQ_hM8QWBiQVDjlqWpxcZbO1CBjrCsv2EHtYGnmhfyntUAhloWGeNkz_pJDm/s320/Img00010.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>tingkat kesulitan lumayan lah.hehehehe...<br />
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8. 5x5x5<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGsT5bfLqn0GuhnchtbABuoIpPZHo0_PaCn6UxcY1WqtZksITxAryTUNSsKCwBh515ASLg5GeByjjEAFlhGzdYeuhpbrXEulyLxskN7DIpP4irBt18FtsD_sID2aRYzXUReMJNHVuE8ddJ/s1600/Img00009.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGsT5bfLqn0GuhnchtbABuoIpPZHo0_PaCn6UxcY1WqtZksITxAryTUNSsKCwBh515ASLg5GeByjjEAFlhGzdYeuhpbrXEulyLxskN7DIpP4irBt18FtsD_sID2aRYzXUReMJNHVuE8ddJ/s320/Img00009.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>nah kalo rubik yang satu ini adalah rubik dengan tingkat kesulitan tinggi ynag telah saya miliki, walaupun begitu, saya berhasil memecahkan penyelesaiannya.<br />
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Oke lah lo begitu...sama di disini dulu ya..untuk informasi selanjutnya mengenai rubik baik itu algoritma, jenis-jenis yang lain dsb. tunggu di postingan selanjutnya. TERIMA KASIH...Ahmad Fauzihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06150653241766913304noreply@blogger.com0